Israel

Since the Arab Spring of 2011, the political, social, religious and military realities of the Middle East have been profoundly remodelled through regime change, civil war and the emergence of opportunistic politico-military sects like Da’esh (see Chapter 17). In Israel’s wider neighbourhood, relations between the Western powers and Iran could be at a turning point (see p. 387). In the past five years, there has been no tangible progress towards a peaceful solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, a state of affairs which may have negative repercussions for Israel’s international and regional collaboration, as well as its progress in STI. Despite the tensions, there are instances of academic collaboration with neighbouring Arab countries (see p. 427).

Sustainable Development Goals:

Decent Work and Economic Growth

Partnerships for the Goals