Conclusions

This report assesses international trade with a particular focus on the biophysical flows of natural resources. Global annual extraction and use of natural resources – nonrenewable resources such as minerals and metals or fossil fuels as well as renewable resources such as biomass or fresh water – have increased about eight-fold during the past century, and are still increasing rapidly. International trade is growing even faster, and plays an important role in responding to rising demand: it facilitates access to resources that are no longer sufficiently available within the countries themselves.

Sustainable Development Goals:

Responsible Consumption and Production

Climate Action

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions