Japan
Exploring knowledge spillovers and GVC participation to understand double counting in GVCs: A case study of Japan
As global value chain (GVC) participation and knowledge spillovers have arguably become more crucial for countries it is still challenging to measure their real value for countries. The complexity comes from the trade in intermediate goods as part of GVCs and the inability to track their coupling with additional components and services. The result is double counting and lack of clarity about the real value of GVCs for countries. This paper assesses how GVC participation and knowledge spillovers influence double counting and transitively the innovation and value added growth in GVCs for the case of Japan. The empirical evidence suggests that expanding production fragmentation within GVCs and diversifying foreign suppliers in production stages foster innovation and maximize knowledge diffusion leading to enhanced value added output. Thus knowledge spillovers and feedback effects within and between countries at bilateral and multilateral integration levels affect the GVCs. The paper sheds light on the intricate nature of intermediate goods flows in GVCs and the link between double counting and knowledge spillovers in GVCs.
Thematic Section: Green Transition and National Efforts towards Net-Zero Target: Analysis of the 2030 emissions reduction targets of the previous and current nationally determined contributions of Japan, and a comparison between countries using energy-technology and energy-economic models
The Paris Agreement requires each participating country to prepare its nationally determined contributions (NDCs). In 2020 Japan submitted a 26 per cent emissions reduction target for 2030 and resubmitted a 46 per cent target (relative to 2013) in 2021. This paper provides an assessment of the Japanese emissions reduction efforts vis-à-vis other NDCs and international comparisons among countries using several different indicators. The carbon dioxide marginal abatement costs in Japan are expected to be approximately $450/tCO2 eq in 2030 which is consistent with the 1.5°C pathways. Costs in the European and North American countries are at similar levels.
No. 51058. United States of America and Japan
Exchange of notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan concerning the terms and conditions for cooperation on the Mu Space Engineering Spacecraft-C (MUSES-C) Program (with Memorandum of Understanding 30 April 2003 and 8 May 2003). Washington 25 April 2003
No. 51527. United States of America and Japan
Exchange of notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan concerning cooperation to maintain meteorological satellite observation over the Pacific region. Washington 18 February 2005
No. 51545. United States of America and Japan
ACCORD ENTRE LE DÉPARTEMENT DE LA DÉFENSE DES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE ET LE CONSEIL DES MINISTRES DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE D’AZERBAÏDJAN RELATIF À LA COOPÉRATION DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA PRÉVENTION DE LA PROLIFÉRATION DES TECHNOLOGIES DES AGENTS PATHOGÈNES ET DE L’EXPERTISE QUI POURRAIENT ÊTRE UTILISÉS DANS LE DÉVELOPPEMENT D’ARMES BIOLOGIQUES. BAKOU 6 MAI 2005 ET WASHINGTON 6 JUIN 2005 [Nations Unies Recueil des Traités vol. 2965 I-51543.]
No. 51058. United States of America and Japan
EXCHANGE OF NOTES CONSTITUTING AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN CONCERNING THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COOPERATION ON THE MU SPACE ENGINEERING SPACECRAFT-C (MUSES-C) PROGRAM. WASHINGTON 25 APRIL 2003 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2936 I-51058.]
No. 51328. South Africa and Japan
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of Japan regarding mutual assistance and cooperation between their customs administrations. Pretoria 2 July 2012
No. 50934. United States of America and Japan
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE NATIONAL SPACE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY OF JAPAN FOR JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION. WASHINGTON 20 OCTOBER 1995 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2926 I-50934.]
No. 50935. United States of America and Japan
EXCHANGE OF NOTES CONSTITUTING AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN CONCERNING THE COOPERATION BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE NATIONAL SPACE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY OF JAPAN ON THE TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION PROGRAM. WASHINGTON 30 MAY 1997 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2927 I-50935.]
No. 48744. Japan and Mexico
AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES FOR THE STRENGTHENING OF THE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP. MEXICO CITY 17 SEPTEMBER 2004 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2768 I-48744.]
No. 48335. Japan and Singapore
Agreement Between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Republic of Singapore for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income. Singapore 9 April 1994 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2736 I-48335.]
No. 48290. Japan and Malaysia
Agreement Between the Government of Japan and the Government of Malaysia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income. Kuala Lumpur 19 February 1999 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2731 I-48290.]
No. 50954. Japan and Viet Nam
Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam for cooperation in the development and peaceful uses of nuclear energy (with annexes and agreed minutes). Hanoi 20 January 2011
No. 50953. Japan and Republic of Korea
Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Republic of Korea for cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (with annexes protocol and agreed minutes). Tokyo 20 December 2010
No. 50956. Japan and Russian Federation
Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Russian Federation for cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (with annexes and exchange of notes). Tokyo 12 May 2009
No. 50955. Japan and Jordan
Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (with annexes and agreed minutes). Amman 10 September 2010