Mali

After years of reforms and unending debate, the question remains unanswered: why is Latin America not growing more? The present article approaches the subject from an unconventional perspective, presenting the persistence of informality as a structural barrier to growth. As an analytical frame of reference, it introduces a 2 x 2 model of growth in which the economy comprises just two sectors, the formal and the informal. The model presents the links between the growth pattern of the formal sector and the dynamics of the informal sector, and between these and the pattern of growth in the overall economy. Adverse specialization patterns and an unfavourable international trade profile are perpetuating informality. Thus, export-led growth most resembles an enclave model which does not even guarantee high growth, since the dynamic of the informal sector, which accounts for about half the urban workforce, adversely affects the performance of the whole economy.

The world is shaken by an unprecedented health crisis. Its multiple ravages are echoing all over the world and the media seem to revel in it as information concerning the situation becomes vital. Needless to say, Covid-19 made its appearance at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of the province of Hubei in China, and at the start of 2020, continued to spread in an overpowering and dominant way, not only characterized by its speed but also in its capacity of adaptation across all continents of the world. China has been overwhelmed. In France, there are no longer yellow vest protests. Italy no longer sings and the art world present in the country has closed its doors. It would seem that America, in tears, suddenly forgot its superpower. The virus rapidly spread also in Latin America, with more than 11 thousand cases in 24 hours in Brazil. All of this to show the very serious impact that Covid-19 has provoked on daily life around the world. In fact, on March 11, it qualified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), exceeding the number of 100 infected countries to all areas of the globe.

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares y el empleo informal de la persona jefa de hogar a nivel estatal durante el período 2018-2022 en México. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, con datos de las rondas de 2018, 2020 y 2022 de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH). Los análisis se hicieron en el nivel nacional para los 32 estados mexicanos, en términos descriptivos y correlacionales, mediante regresiones logísticas binomiales. Al analizar la inseguridad alimentaria respecto del empleo informal, se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas significativas durante los tres años de estudio. En todo el país, con excepción de una entidad federativa, los hogares cuya persona jefa tenía un empleo informal en 2020 presentaban mayor propensión a la inseguridad alimentaria. Ambos indicadores se relacionan de forma heterogénea entre los distintos estados mexicanos.

Authored by Sam Grundy and Sarah Zingg, this Migration Research Series paper discusses the role of the community stabilization approach to transition away from humanitarian crises in order to lay the ground for attaining durable solutions for displaced persons and, ultimately, operationalize the humanitarian–development–peace nexus. The paper focuses on the multidimensional destabilizing impacts of displacement crises and the factors limiting opportunities for communities to transition away from acute vulnerability and aid dependence, and defines the community stabilization approach as a means to overcome these challenges. It then presents the community stabilization core programming principles framed through a community-based planning methodology – a practical community-driven, local government-led process intended to support the transition of impacted communities from displacement crises through improved stability – drawing on examples from Zimbabwe, Somalia and Ethiopia.

The 2025 Somalia HNRP is based on a comprehensive analysis of the impact of key drivers of humanitarian needs in the country, and estimates that 5.9 million people will require humanitarian and protection assistance. This represents a 13 per cent reduction from 2024 (6.9m people) and is linked to slight improvements in the situation and stricter scope setting which identified 9.1 million people, or 47 per cent of Somalia’s population, as affected by multiple shocks. 4.6 million people will be targeted for assistance this year, an 11 per cent decrease from 5.2 million targeted in 2024. The 2025 HNRP focuses on lifesaving and life-sustaining assistance for people with the most severe levels of needs and incorporates humanitarian response gaps analysis into the inter-cluster prioritization methodology, reinforcing commitments to leave no one behind. The plan will require US$1.42 billion to assist 4.6 million Somalis, and advocates for scaled-up development and climate financing to address the structural drivers of needs, build resilience, reduce the risk of future disasters and adapt to climate change. In addition, it guides the humanitarian system towards an integrated response, decentralizing coordination and fostering systematic engagement.

These five volumes contain pleadings from the case concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali) in the language in which they were submitted, including the document instituting proceedings, the written pleadings and their annexes, the verbatim records of the oral proceedings, and any documents submitted to the Court after the closure of the written proceedings.

These five volumes contain pleadings from the case concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali) in the language in which they were submitted, including the document instituting proceedings, the written pleadings and their annexes, the verbatim records of the oral proceedings, and any documents submitted to the Court after the closure of the written proceedings.

Exchange of notes constituting an agreement concerning certain commercial debts (The United Kingdom/Mali Debt Agreement No. 3. (1992)) (with annex). Dakar, 3 September 1993 and Bamako, 20 September 1993

Loan Agreement—Income Diversification Programme in South Mali Non-Cotton Area (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements of the Fund dated 19 September 1986). Signed at Bamako, Mali, on 7 November 1995