Viet Nam
No. 49040. International Development Association and Viet Nam
No. 49504. International Development Association and Viet Nam
No. 49207. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Viet Nam
No. 49192. International Fund for Agricultural Development and Viet Nam
No. 49141. International development association and Viet Nam
Financing Agreement (Urban Water Supply and Wastewater Project) between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the International Development Association (with schedules, appendix, attachment and International Development Association General Conditions for Credits and Grants, dated 31 July 2010). Hanoi, 13 July 2011
Незаконная торговля рогом носорога в Нхи-Кхе, Вьетнам
Деревня Нхи-Кхе во Вьетнаме обслуживает туристов, которые интересуются главным образом сделанными из рога носорога декоративными предметами, а не лекарствами. На основе данных о местных продажных ценах в настоящем исследовании делается вывод, что средняя цена на сырье из рога гораздо ниже обычно указываемой цены: около 26 000 долл. США за килограмм, а не 60 000 долл. США, которые нередко упоминаются. Неясно, отражает ли эта разница тенденцию к снижению цены на рог или просто свидетельствует об искусственном завышении этой цены в прошлом. Если верно в последнем случае, то это вызывает тревогу, поскольку завышенная стоимость может действительно стать стимулом для дальнейших преступлений в отношении дикой природы. В исследовании также показано, что продолжение падения цены в течение 26 месяцев наблюдений до уровня 18 000 долл. США свидетельствует о возможном превышении предложения над спросом. Это могло бы стать хорошей новостью для носорогов, по крайней мере в краткосрочной перспективе.
Education, Urban Poverty and Migration
Corporal Punishment in Schools
Globally the use of corporal punishment in schools is increasingly prohibited in law, yet in many contexts its use continues, even where outlawed. Proponents argue that it is an effective and non-harmful means of instilling discipline, respect and obedience into children, while others point to a series of detrimental effects, including poor academic performance, low class participation, school dropout and declining psychosocial well-being. Establishing whether corporal punishment has lasting effects on children’s cognitive development and psychosocial well-being has been hampered by a lack of longitudinal data, especially from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. This paper is a contribution to the UNICEF Multi-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Children which is analysing how structural factors interact to affect everyday violence in children’s homes and communities in order to better inform national strategies for violence prevention. The paper brings together a life course and structural determinants framework with Young Lives longitudinal data collected over four rounds on two cohorts of children in four countries: Ethiopia, India (the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru and Viet Nam.
Experiences of Peer Bullying among Adolescents and Associated Effects on Young Adult Outcomes
Being bullied has been found to have a significant impact on children’s physical and mental health, psychosocial well-being and educational performance, with lasting effects into adulthood on health, well-being and lifetime earnings. Little is known about bullying in low- and middle-income countries, however. This study uses a mixed methods approach combining survey analysis of the predictors and associations with being bullied, with qualitative data to explore the context in which bullying occurs and the social processes that underpin it. Findings show that better data collection and increased resource allocation to bullying prevention are needed. The development and evaluation of different types of effective, sustainable and scalable bullying prevention models in low- and middle-income country contexts are priorities for programming and research.