Climate Action
Robert Pogue Harrison: “There is a fundamental connection between poetry and forests”
La forêt du bassin du Congo, trésor fragile
Les vieilles bâtisses coloniales de l’université de Kisangani en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) n’ont pas toujours été dédiées à l’étude des sciences de l’environnement. Les bâtiments décrépis en brique rouge abritaient des entrepôts de tabac jusque dans les années 1970. C’est à cette époque que les premiers arbustes ont été plantés dans la cour de cette ancienne usine, par un biologiste polonais.
Zoom: Our lives in Technicolor
They are both foreign and yet familiar. Photos from before the digital age and selfies, before Instagram. Their vintage colours and gelatin-silver grain give off a curious air of innocence – and melancholy. The protagonists have no names. We know nothing about them, or the person who, one day, captured these scenes of ordinary life on film. All we know is the country and the year (the pictures presented here were taken between 1950 and 1980 in the United States and the United Kingdom).
En canadá, ‘baños de bosque’ por prescripción médica
Vincent Beaubien necesita ir al bosque con frecuencia. Suele hacer un picnic junto a una hoguera, dormir, o simplemente pasear entre los árboles. Capataz del sector de la construcción, este hombre de 33 años residente en Delson, en las afueras de Montréal, siente los beneficios del contacto con los árboles nada más adentrarse unos pasos en la naturaleza. “Esos paseos me proporcionan la calma y la serenidad que necesito. Son emociones que luego me llevo conmigo”.
Gran angular: La llamada del bosque: Aires de cambio
En 2015, una película filmada en cámara rápida por la agencia espacial estadounidense (NASA) mostraba cómo “respira” la Tierra. De abril a septiembre, los bosques boreales de Siberia, Escandinavia y América del Norte reviven y cubren de verde gran parte del hemisferio Norte, antes de retroceder con la llegada del invierno. En el hemisferio Sur, la animación muestra el proceso inverso: la zona verde se extiende y retrocede sobre el mapa en función de los movimientos del sol. Los tres grandes bosques tropicales del mundo, en la Amazonia, la cuenca del Congo e Indonesia, dibujan zonas de un verde profundo a ambos lados del ecuador.
Robert Pogue Harrison: “Existe una conexión fundamental entre la poesía y el bosque”
Zoom: Nuestras vidas en Tecnicolor
Nos resultan a la vez extrañas y familiares. Son fotos anteriores a la era digital y a los selfis, antes de Instagram. Sus colores envejecidos y su granulado de gelatina de plata desprenden un curioso perfume de inocencia, también de melancolía. Los protagonistas carecen de nombre. De ellos no sabemos nada. Ni de ellos, ni de quien un día capturó en película estas escenas de la vida ordinaria. Apenas sabemos el país de origen y el año en el que se hicieron. En la serie presentada aquí, se trata de imágenes tomadas en Estados Unidos y Reino Unido entre los años 1950 y 1970.
Idées: Les femmes vikings sortent de l’ombre
Le mot « viking » a longtemps évoqué un homme grand et musclé brandissant une arme, coiffé d’un casque, se tenant hardiment à la proue d’un navire, prêt à piller et incendier. Mais aujourd’hui, sous l’effet des recherches interdisciplinaires et de l’omniprésence de l’histoire médiévale non seulement dans les musées et les universités, mais aussi au cinéma et sur les réseaux sociaux, notre vision des Vikings a changé.
Carbon credits, the tree that hides the forest?
The worth of a felled tree is easy to quantify; currently, lumber is worth about US$350. But what is the value of a standing tree? It is obviously valuable for biodiversity, for the climate, for humans and agriculture: a forest provides habitat for birds, stores carbon, casts shadow and regulates rainfall. But these are not financial values, therefore leaving forests vulnerable for clearance. So a new idea emerged.
In depth: UNESCO World Heritage sites: Key to biodiversity conservation
Biodiversity loss is a critical issue that threatens the survival of countless species and the stability of our planet’s ecosystems. The issue is of particular concern for UNESCO World Heritage sites, which are representative of more than a fifth of global biodiversity.
En Chine, des mondes inexplorés dans les « puits célestes »
En 2016, dans le district de Leye, ville de Baise, région autonome zhuang du Guangxi en Chine, mon équipe et moi-même sommes descendus au fond du tiankeng de Dashiwei, à 600 mètres de profondeur. Le terme tiankeng, ou puits céleste, désigne les vastes dépressions d’effondrement aux parois abruptes, ou dolines, qui se sont formées pendant des millions d’années dans des strates de roches carbonatées.
Los pueblos indígenas, un escudo contra la deforestación
« Si el bosque sigue ahí, es gracias a la presencia de los pueblos indígenas. Hoy en día, esa es la misión más importante, porque esa misión no solo protege nuestras vidas, sino las vidas de toda la humanidad”, afirmó recientemente en un comunicado Txai Suruí, militante del pueblo Paiter Suruí y coordinadora del movimiento de la juventud indígena de Rondônia, en Brasil.
Au canada, la nature sur ordonnance
Vincent Beaubien a besoin de se rendre régulièrement en forêt. Il va y pique-niquer au coin du feu, dormir ou simplement se promener. Contremaître dans le bâtiment, cet homme de 33 ans qui vit à Delson, dans la banlieue de Montréal, ressent les bienfaits de ce contact avec les arbres après quelques pas dans les bois. « Cela me procure l’apaisement et la sérénité dont j’ai besoin. Ce sont des émotions que j’emporte avec moi. »
Mexico: Women lead the way in saving the mangroves
Since she was a small child, Erika Barnett, from the Seri community in northeastern Mexico, watched mangrove seedlings be carried away by the waves. She would then gather young shoots to take back to her home on the coast.
Grand angle: L’appel de la forêt: Changer de cap
En 2015, un film en accéléré réalisé par l’agence spatiale américaine (NASA) montrait la Terre en train de « respirer ». D’avril à septembre, les forêts boréales de Sibérie, de Scandinavie et d’Amérique du Nord prennent vie et verdissent une grande partie de l’hémisphère Nord, avant de régresser avec l’arrivée de l’hiver. Dans l’hémisphère Sud, l’animation montre le processus inverse, la partie verte s’allongeant et reculant sur la carte avec la course du soleil. Les trois plus grandes forêts tropicales du monde, en Amazonie, dans le bassin du Congo et en Indonésie, dessinent des zones d’un vert profond de part et d’autre de l’équateur.
Learning among the trees in Denmark
At the Danish forest kindergarten Krudthus, about 30 kilometers north of Copenhagen, children spend most of their time in the forest.
La canopée : découvertes au sommet
Mundiya kepanga, un jefe papú fiel a sus raíces
Tari, Papúa Nueva Guinea, 1965. Un bebé acaba de venir al mundo sobre un manto de hojas de un ficus muy antiguo en un bosque de las tierras altas. Su nombre, Mundiya, se pronuncia “Mundiyé”.
In Canada, nature by prescription
Vincent Beaubien needs to go to the forest regularly. He goes there to picnic by a fire, sleep or simply walk. The 33-year-old construction foreman, who lives in Delson, a suburb of Montreal, feels the benefits of this contact with the trees after taking just a few steps in the woods. “It gives me the peace and serenity I need. These are the feelings I take away with me.”
Nuestro invitado: La música de las palabras de Akira Mizubayashi
Wide angle: The call of the forest: Winds of change
In 2015, the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) published a time-lapse of the Earth “breathing”. From April to September, boreal forests in Siberia, Scandinavia and North America burst into life, turning much of the northern hemisphere green, only to fall back with the arrival of winter. In the southern hemisphere, the process happens in reverse, the graphic showed, the green waxing and waning on the map with the movements of the sun. The world’s three largest rainforests in the Amazon, the Congo Basin and Indonesia are deep-green and ever-present around the equator.
Les crédits carbone : une fausse bonne idée?
La valeur d’un arbre abattu est facile à quantifier : le cours du bois d’oeuvre s’élève actuellement à près de 350 dollars. Mais quelle est celle d’un arbre sur pied ? Comment évaluer ce qu’il apporte à la biodiversité, au climat, à la vie humaine et à l’agriculture ? Une forêt fournit en effet un refuge pour les oiseaux, retient le carbone, garde la fraîcheur et régule les précipitations. Mais la valeur marchande des services écologiques qu’elle rend est difficile à évaluer. Une nouvelle idée a donc germé.
Décryptage: Les sites du patrimoine mondial au coeur de la conservation de la biodiversité
Le recul de la biodiversité menace la survie d’innombrables espèces et la stabilité des écosystèmes de notre planète. Le problème se pose avec une acuité particulière pour les sites du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, qui représentent plus d’un cinquième de la biodiversité mondiale.
Discovering life in the canopy
Mexique: les femmes en première ligne pour sauver la mangrove
Depuis son plus jeune âge, Erika Barnett, issue de la communauté seri, au nord-est du Mexique, voyait les plantules de mangroves se faire emporter par les vagues. Elle en ramassait alors de jeunes pousses pour les rapporter chez elle, sur la côte.
Ideas: Viking women in a new light
The word “Viking” has long been associated with tall and muscular man wielding a razor-sharp weapon, wearing a helmet and standing boldly on the prow of a ship, ready to pillage and burn. Today, however, in the age of interdisciplinary research, and when medieval history is omnipresent in museums and universities but also on social media and the silver screen, our visions of the Vikings are changing.
China’s “heavenly pits”, a dive into the unknown
In 2016, in Baise Leye County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, my team and I rappelled down with a rope to the bottom of the Dashiwei Tiankeng, 600 metres under the ground. The term tiankeng, “heavenly pit”, refers to large sink-like negative terrains with steep walls, formed over millions of years and developed in carbonate rock strata.
Au Danemark, l’école au milieu des abres
À Krudthus, à une trentaine de kilomètres au nord de Copenhague, les enfants de la maternelle de la forêt passent la plupart de leurs journées en plein air. Ils s’affairent à identifier les insectes dissimulés sous les pierres et les branches tombées au sol, à suivre le rythme des saisons à travers l’évolution des arbres ou encore apprendre le cycle de la vie en observant la décomposition des plantes et des animaux morts. Entre deux activités, ils gambadent avant d’aller pêcher ou de faire du vélo au milieu des massifs d’anémones.
Jens Liljestrand: “Quise captar el sentimiento de cólera ante los incendios”
La selva de la cuenca del Congo, un tesoro frágil
Los viejos edificios coloniales de la Universidad de Kisangani, en la República Democrática del Congo (RDC) no siempre estuvieron dedicados al estudio de las ciencias del medio ambiente. Hasta la década de 1970, los decrépitos locales de ladrillo rojo acogían almacenes de tabaco. Fue por aquel entonces cuando un biólogo polaco plantó los primeros arbustos en el patio de esta antigua fábrica.
Obituary: Professor Clement Allan Tisdell (1939-2022): A tribute
Professor Clement Allan Tisdell was a distinguished academic and an unrelenting prodigious researcher. Above all, he was a friend and a wonderful human being. He died on 14 July 2022 at the age of 82. Born on 18 November 1939 near the New South Wales country town of Taree in Australia, Tisdell was the oldest of ten children (five boys and five girls) in a highly cohesive and supportive family. He had a very humble upbringing during which he attained an intimate familiarity with rural life, the countryside and nature, and a strong sense of belonging to the local community (Lodewijks, 2007), which continued to the very end of his life. No accolade could distract him from this path of simplicity and common sense.
Trade measures on pharmaceutical products: Can they promote local production and public health?
The rise in trade measures on pharmaceutical products has become a matter of intense debate since the start of the COVID-19 crisis. By October 2022, more than140 export restrictions had been placed on them worldwide; at least 50 directly affected vaccine production and distribution. A systematic assessment of their welfare effects offers a way to classify the plethora of trade measures in the global pharmaceutical sector with an explanation of their use in different jurisdictions worldwide. It also provides an assessment and indicates advances on ways in which such trade measures can be used in the interest of local production and public health.
Financing research and development for new vaccines in developing Asia-Pacific countries
For many infectious diseases with a high burden in the Asia-Pacific region, there are no licensed, highly effective vaccines. In addition, for neglected infectious diseases in the region, the existing vaccines have limitations. One reason behind the lack of vaccines is a financing gap, especially for late-stage trials. We estimate that the annual financing gap for vaccine research and development (R&D) for neglected diseases is approximately $2 billion and the annual gap for vaccine R&D for emerging infectious diseases is approximately $50 million-170 million. In this paper, a variety of possible mechanisms to mobilize financing for vaccine R&D in the region are presented.
Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Central Asia
Special theme: From Labs to Jabs: Ensuring access and equity in COVID-19 vaccination: Solidarity as a practical craft: Cohesion and cooperation in leveraging access to medical technologies within and beyond the TRIPS Agreement
The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated an unprecedented call for global solidarity, which has included a proposal to waive key obligations under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The governance of intellectual property in a global health crisis entails consideration of the effective and coordinated agency of domestic governments to foster solidarity through practical action. This paper presents the context for solidarity while taking in consideration its practical operation by focusing on the mechanism of interaction between the intellectual property system and access to medicines, historically and during the pandemic: authorization of the use of patented subject matter without right holders' consent.
Asia-Pacific Social Outlook 2022: Strategies for building a healthy, protected and productive workforce in Asia and the Pacific
The present paper gives an assessment of the challenges faced by the workforce in Asia and the Pacific and how they can be overcome. For this assessment, the impact of global megatrends, such as climate change, digitalization and rapid ageing, is anticipated, and a multisectoral approach required to build the workforce to achieve inclusive and sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific is laid out. This approach is based on measures to improve access to decent work and extend universal social protection and universal health coverage, and concrete recommendations are provided to guide policy implementation.
Ensuring supply chain connectivity and resiliency in the post-pandemic recovery: The case of ASEAN
The integration of ASEAN into the global, and especially regional, supply chains has been a major driver of economic growth, job creation and industrialization in the region. Given the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ongoing conflict in Eastern Europe, restoring supply chain connectivity and its resilience is of paramount importance to the Association. Apart from being agile, responsive and adaptive in this evolving environment, the strengthening of internal coordination to keep markets open and active engagement, in the spirit of open regionalism and multilateralism, with external partners is critical to ensure supply chains connectivity and resilience in the region.
Invited paper: Can Asia assure social insurance for all its informal workers?
This paper provides analyses on social security systems data from seven Asian countries as per ILO Convention 102 of 1952, which merges social insurance and social assistance. The former covers the basic elements – unemployment, employment, injury, old age pension and maternity benefits –, the focus of this paper. Despite high levels of per capita income and rapid growth in a majority of Asian economies, the lack of social insurance (and hence the scale of informality in the workforce) is a matter of concern. Topics discussed in this paper are barriers to social insurance schemes for informal workers, as well as the way forward.
Strengthening the health system to address inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine access in the Asia-Pacific region
The economic and health recovery of countries in the Asia-Pacific region from the pandemic is hinged on the rapid and equitable deployment of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines. However, in the initial years of the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out, highly unequal distribution of vaccines occurred across and within countries. Even though tight global supply was indeed an issue, health system challenges, particularly in terms of financing, service delivery, human resources, regulatory capacity and governance, played an important role in the inequitable deployment of vaccines. Recommendations given in this paper revolve around the importance of strengthening the health system to enable the equitable allocation and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.
Book review: The World Trade Organization needs to prepare better for future pandemics
Trade in vaccines and related inputs: A study of the Asia-Pacific region
This study contains an analysis on trade and trade barriers related to vaccines and vaccine inputs in the Asia-Pacific region. The results indicate that that there was significant intraregional trade in vaccine inputs during the period 2000–2020. While vaccines remained duty free or at low tariffs in many countries within this region, several non-tariff measures from the pre-COVID-19 period still continued. The secondary data research is supplemented with the findings from a survey of stakeholders concerned with vaccine production and trade in India. The following are recommendations based on the study: diversification of import sources of vaccines and vaccine inputs; lowering of tariffs; reduction in export restrictions; and the use of trade agreements to ease trade restrictions.
Policymakers’ corner: Cooperating to overcome access inequities for COVID-19 and beyond
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how fragile the global health product value chain truly is to respond effectively to public health emergencies, making it necessary to invest in research and the development of new technologies, scale up production of them and enable their rapid dissemination. Investing in local production has shown promise towards alleviating market concentration, which is putting global health security at risk. Efficient regulation is needed to ensure quality, safety and efficacy of health products. Pricing policies and procurement strategies should align with principles of equitable access and affordability. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic must be applied and greater cooperation is required to strengthen health systems and improve interventions affecting all citizens.
Portfolio. Nouvelles in scriptions sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial 2023
Lors de la 18e session extraordinaire du Comité du patrimoine mondial qui s'est tenue au Siège de l'UNESCO les 24 et 25 janvier 2023, trois nouveaux sites ont été ajoutés à la Liste du patrimoine mondial : la Foire internationale Rachid Karameh de Tripoli (Liban) ; les Hauts lieux de l'ancien royaume de Saba, Marib (Yémen) et le centre historique d'Odesa (Ukraine).
Story. Heritage cities of tomorrow
Urban heritage is more than a testament to our past. It inspires a search for an ideal relationship between person and place. Saudi Arabia has diverse urban heritage and architectural assets across its thirteen regions, beckoning recognition as one of the world’s most important examples of cultural heritage, both in tangible and intangible forms.
Message. HH Prince Bader bin Abdullah bin Farhan Al Saud, Minister of Culture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is a land of ancient civilizations, diverse heritage and abundant archaeological resources. As part of our efforts to advance international cooperation in cultural heritage, we are proud that the Ministry of Culture, represented by the National Commission for Education, Culture and Science - is hosting the 45th Extended Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. We remain focused on protecting heritage, which has a transformative impact on nations, societies and their own cultures. The Session will enable us to engage in a dialogue with our partners around the world, as well as introduce our cultural heritage to new audiences.
Editorial
I am pleased to present the first issue of the Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal (APSDJ, vol. 30, No.1) for 2023. The issue comes out at a critical juncture when the region is confronted with the challenges of changed global circumstances while still recovering from the devastations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic amid ongoing climate change-induced existential threats.
Growth, yield and environmental sustainability of cotton production in India: Performance and policy measures
This paper reviews the growth performance, potential and environmental sustainability of cotton production in India. Using a decomposition analysis, it provides a comprehensive picture of growth in the production of cotton from 1947 to 2021 and during various development phases. It also discusses the environmental sustainability of Bt cotton and the potential of organic cotton farming in addressing the challenges faced by cotton growers. The results from this study can be used to inform policymakers in framing policies to exploit the potential of this sector, to generate additional employment and preserve the sustainability in cotton production.
Portfolio. Paré de soleil Le patrimoine mondial du Royaume d’Arabie saoudite
Portrait. Spotlight on: women site managers
Juliana Strogan is responsible for the Rjukan- Notodden Industrial Heritage Site in Norway, a hydroelectric based industrial ensemble. It is situated in a dramatic landscape of mountains, valleys, and waterfalls, where the natural topography enabled large amounts of hydroelectric energy for industrial production at the global level.
Identification and prioritization of barriers to access international climate finance for Nepal
This study covers perceived and prioritized barriers to access climate funds, using Nepal as a case for least developed countries. A comprehensive picture of the climate finance flow in Nepal is presented and barriers to access international climate finance are identified. These barriers are prioritized based on their importance and potentials to be removed. Out of the 63 identified barriers, most prominent ones are inadequate ministerial coordination, limited evidence-based research and limited understanding of public–private partnerships. Despite some successes in accessing climate finance, key challenges remain. Among them are low disbursement, inadequate information-base and limited choice of financial instruments.
Accelerating climate action in Asia and the Pacific for Sustainable Development
The Asia-Pacific region is in urgent need for enhanced climate ambition and action. Climate change-induced disasters, e.g., heatwaves, droughts, typhoons and floods, are increasingly undermining hard-won development gains. This paper provides a brief assessment of the region’s vulnerability and sets out the transformations needed for a net-zero carbon future in support of sustainable development. It recommends building regional frameworks or partnerships to support decarbonizing key sectors – energy, transport and industry – and improve enabling conditions, such as financing and monitoring. Multistakeholder cooperation on broad national policies and long-term strategies is also needed for the low-carbon and climateresilient transition.
Portfolio. Adorned by the sun World Heritage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Dossier. L’afrique, terre de patrimoine
Nous sommes vendredi matin à Gizeh, au Caire. La rue Abou al Hool est en pleine effervescence : des dizaines de personnes descendent des bus et des taxis pour faire la queue à l'entrée de la zone des pyramides de Gizeh. À l'intérieur, des chameaux emmènent les visiteurs autour du complexe, de la grande pyramide aux plus petites, et enfin aux points d'observation. Il y a des familles, des couples, des écoliers, des groupes de touristes, des créateurs de contenu et des explorateurs solitaires. Le long d'Abou al Hool, des boutiques vendent des parfums, des tapis, des vêtements traditionnels et des bijoux. D'innombrables hôtels et cafés sur les toits incitent les visiteurs à rester un peu plus longtemps en leur offrant des vues imprenables sur les pyramides, tandis que des calèches sont disponibles pour une visite de Gizeh au-delà des monuments.
Early Career Researcher: Development of Asia-Pacific countries: Does Belt and Road Initiative make any difference?
Using annual data for the period 2000−2019, the paper reviews economic progress in Asia-Pacific countries and assesses whether the China-led Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) contributes to this trend. Based on selected development indicators and their trends before and after the announcement of the Initiative, the findings confirm significant trade expansion associated with growing connectivity achieved through infrastructure finance from China to BRI economies vis-à-vis their non-BRI counterparts. The rising trade ties are associated with output growth, contributing to the development trajectories of BRI countries and bringing some modest positive spillover effects to non-BRI members. Policy implications are proposed accordingly.
Récit. Le Centre régional arabe pour lepatrimoine mondial
Le Centre régional arabe pour le patrimoine mondial est un centre de catégorie 2 placé sous l'égide de l'UNESCO. Il fournit une assistance vitale à 19 pays arabes pour la protection et la gestion des sites culturels, naturels et mixtes par le biais d'un soutien technique et de la mise en oeuvre des décisions et recommandations du Comité du patrimoine mondial. Le Centre régional arabe pour le patrimoine mondial a été créé par Bahreïn, en tant qu'entité juridique autonome et indépendante, pour aider les États parties de la région arabe à honorer leurs obligations telles que stipulées dans la Convention du patrimoine mondial de 1972.
Feature. Now building: Caribbean future through culture
On Cuba Street in Old Havana, the people stand on their balconies in the morning to see how the roof of the former Convent of Santa Clara is coming along. They leisurely sip some freshly brewed coffee and, amid the noise of hammers and saws, watch how carpenters place pieces of wood. This job requires skill and a lot of patience, and they must cover more than 100 linear metres of wooden truss roof. One of the largest of its kind in Latin America, it occupies two square blocks. When the structure is finished, they will climb back up again under the blazing Caribbean sun to lay 10,000 tiles.
The transition of China to a low-emission future: The role of clean coal technologies
The “30-60” catchphrase in China refers to the commitment of China to reduce greenhouse gas emissions after the peak by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The 30-60 goal is a challenge, but it offers opportunities for the country’s sustainable future. By using Integrated energy and environment policy assessment modelling, an assessment of the energy strategies and policy regimes for the country’s energy transition by 2050 is conducted. Based on the results, it can be argued that coal will remain an important part of the transition pathway, and hence clean coal technology development is critical.
The Archive. World Heritage Review, n°1 June 1996
‘Peace can only be built on respect for other people and on the acceptance of diversity and tolerance for differences. One of the best ways to spread understanding among peoples is to share the world's natural and cultural heritage.’
Message. Audrey Azoulay, Director-Generalof UNESCO
In the heart of AlUla oasis, in north-west Saudi Arabia, lies the prodigious archaeological site of Hegra: its more than 100 monumental tombs, carved in stone, bear witness to the richness of Nabataean civilization, as well as to the multilinear history of Saudi Arabia.
Message. S.A.R. le Prince Bader bin Abdullah bin Farhan Al Saud Ministre de la Culture, Royaume d'Arabie saoudite
L'Arabie saoudite est une terre de civilisations anciennes, de patrimoine diversifié et de ressources archéologiques abondantes. Dans le cadre de nos efforts pour faire progresser la coopération internationale en matière de patrimoine culturel, nous sommes fiers que le ministère de la Culture, représenté par la Commission Nationale pour l'Éducation, la Culture et la Science, accueille la 45e session élargie du Comité du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO. Nos efforts restent concentrés sur la protection du patrimoine, qui a un impact transformateur sur les nations, les sociétés et leurs propres cultures. Cette session nous permettra d'engager un dialogue avec nos partenaires du monde entier et de présenter notre patrimoine culturel à de nouveaux publics.
Portrait. Gros plan sur : les femmesgestionnaires de sites
Juliana Strogan est responsable du Site du patrimoine industriel de Rjukan-Notodden en Norvège, un ensemble industriel hydroélectrique. Il est situé dans un paysage spectaculaire de montagnes, de vallées et de cascades, où la topographie naturelle a permis de produire de grandes quantités d'énergie hydroélectrique pour la production industrielle au niveau mondial.
Story. The Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage
The Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage (ARCWH) is a Category 2 Centre under the auspices of UNESCO. It provides vital assistance to 19 Arab countries in the protection and management of cultural, natural and mixed sites through technical support and the implementation of the decisions and recommendations of the World Heritage Committee. ARC-WH was established by Bahrain, as an autonomous and independent legal entity to support States Parties of the Arab region to fulfil their obligations as stipulated in the 1972 World Heritage Convention.
What to focus on in order to accelerate access to modern energy services and energy use efficiency in Bangladesh
How can a rapidly growing country, such as Bangladesh, overcome the barriers to realizing Sustainable Development Goal 7? The present study includes an analysis of the barriers to achieving 24x7 access to modern energy and the required improvements to make energy more efficient to overcome them in Bangladesh. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is applied to identify the interactions among the barriers as laid out in context-relevant scientific literature. The Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) is applied to classify the barriers. The results indicate that the barriers can be addressed through a systematic packaging and prioritization approach.
Dossier. Faire face au changement
En plein coeur du Gabon, en Afrique centrale, se trouve le parc national de Lopé-Okanda, un paysage diversifié de forêts tropicales, savanes, rivières et collines. Ce parc national, classé au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO, couvre une superficie d'environ 4 900 kilomètres carrés et est connu pour sa riche biodiversité et ses écosystèmes uniques.
Submitted papers: How successful were the least developed countries in attaining the Millennium Development Goals? An assessment based on a synthetic approach
The present paper used a synthetic approach to create a composite of two indices to measure countries’ progress toward attaining global development goals. The technique assesses the performance of least developed countries (LDCs) in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The results indicate that by the end of 2015, progress was uneven across indicators, with Asian countries performing better. The LDCs that performed better based on the assessment, progressed closer towards graduating from the LDC group. The synthetic, analytical approach proposed for this paper can be applied to measure countries' comparative progress towards realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Lettre de l'éditeur
Alors que la 45e session élargie du Comité du patrimoine mondial s'ouvre au Royaume d'Arabie saoudite, nous exprimons notre gratitude à nos hôtes pour avoir invité le premier Comité en personne à se réunir depuis le début de la COVID-19. Entourés de vieux amis et de jeunes professionnels, nous nous rappelons que cette réunion est plus que la somme des décisions importantes qui ont été prises. C'est une plateforme puissante où nous ravivons le sens de la « communauté du patrimoine » et renouvelons notre engagement en faveur du patrimoine.
Entretien. Dr. Jasir Suliman Alherbish Directeur général de la Commission saoudienne du Patrimoine
Le Dr Jasir Suliman Alherbish est le directeur général de la Commission saoudienne du Patrimoine, l'une des 11 commissions sectorielles du ministère de la Culture d'Arabie saoudite, qui développe, documente et préserve les sites patrimoniaux du Royaume et fait progresser les activités de recherche liées au patrimoine national.
Portfolio. New inscriptions to the World Heritage List 2023
During the 18th extraordinary session of the World Heritage Committee that took place at UNESCO Headquarters on 24-25 January 2023, three new sites were added to the World Heritage List: Rachid Karameh International Fair of Tripoli (Lebanon); Landmarks of Ancient Kingdom of Saba, Marib (Yemen) and Historic Centre of Odesa (Ukraine).
Récit. Une plongée numérique dans le patrimoine
En 2022, la Convention du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO a célébré son 50e anniversaire sur le thème « Les 50 prochaines années : Le patrimoine mondial comme source de résilience, d’humanité et d’innovation ». La réussite de cette Convention historique est évidente dans les chiffres, avec plus de 1 100 sites du patrimoine mondial culturel et naturel protégés et mis en valeur dans 167 pays dans le cadre de la Convention. À l'aube des 50 prochaines années de la Convention, il sera essentiel de tirer parti des nouvelles technologies, notamment en cas de crise.
Feature. Africa, home of heritage
It’s Friday morning in Giza, Cairo. Abou al Hool street is a hive of activity with scores of people getting out of buses and taxis to stand in line at the entrance of the Giza pyramid complex. Inside, camels take visitors around the complex, from the grand pyramid to the smaller ones, and finally, to viewing points. There are families, couples, schoolchildren, tour groups, content creators, and solo explorers. Along Abou al Hool, there are shops selling perfumes, rugs, traditional clothes and jewelry. There are also countless hotels and rooftop cafés that entice visitors to stay longer with epic views of pyramids, while horsedrawn carriages are on hand for a tour of Giza beyond the monuments.
Thematic Section: Green Transition and National Efforts towards Net-Zero Target: Analysis of the 2030 emissions reduction targets of the previous and current nationally determined contributions of Japan, and a comparison between countries using energy-technology and energy-economic models
The Paris Agreement requires each participating country to prepare its nationally determined contributions (NDCs). In 2020, Japan submitted a 26 per cent emissions reduction target for 2030, and resubmitted a 46 per cent target (relative to 2013) in 2021. This paper provides an assessment of the Japanese emissions reduction efforts vis-à-vis other NDCs and international comparisons among countries using several different indicators. The carbon dioxide marginal abatement costs in Japan are expected to be approximately $450/tCO2 eq in 2030, which is consistent with the 1.5°C pathways. Costs in the European and North American countries are at similar levels.
Interview. Dr. Jasir Suliman Alherbish, CEO of the Heritage Commission of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Dr Jasir Suliman Alherbish is the CEO of the Heritage Commission, one of eleven sector commissions of the Ministry of Culture of Saudi Arabia. The Heritage Commission develops, documents and preserves the Kingdom’s heritage sites and advances research activities related to national heritage.
Récit. Renforcer les capacités pour un écosystème florissant du patrimoine mondial
L’être humain est au coeur du patrimoine mondial, car le patrimoine est créé, chéri, mis en valeur et conservé par et pour les populations. Ce sont eux qui entreprennent des actions de protection de leur patrimoine et ses valeurs, et ce sont les gens qui tirent profit du patrimoine. L'investissement dans le développement des capacités des personnes et des communautés n'est donc pas seulement logique mais crucial pour l'avenir du patrimoine.
Entretien. Ahmad Angawi, artiste. À la croisée du design industriel et du patrimoine
Letter from the Editor
As the extended 45th session of the World Heritage Committee begins in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we express our gratitude to our hosts for convening the first in-person Committee since the onset of COVID-19. Surrounded by old friends and young professionals alike, we are reminded that this meeting is more than the sum of important decisions taken. It is a powerful platform where we rekindle the sense of ‘heritage community’ and renew our commitment to heritage.
Feature. Weathering the change
Directly in the middle of Gabon in Central Africa sits the Lopé-Okanda National Park, a diverse landscape of rainforests, savannas, rivers and hills. The UNESCO World Heritage-Listed park covers an area of around 4,900 square kilometres and is known for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems.
Message
Au coeur de l'oasis d'AlUla, dans le nordouest de l’Arabie saoudite, se trouve le prodigieux site archéologique de Hegra : ses plus de 100 tombes monumentales, taillées dans la pierre, témoignent de la richesse de la civilisation nabatéenne, comme de l’histoire multilinéaire de l’Arabie saoudite.
Policy paper: Aligning critical mineral development in the Asia-Pacific region with the Sustainable Development Goals
The low-carbon energy transition will create significant demand for critical minerals. The extraction and processing of these minerals creates challenges for sustainable development, particularly in Asia and the Pacific, a major supplier and consumer of these inputs. Diverse supply chains in the world trade of critical raw materials mean fragmented and sometime insufficient approaches to align the extraction of critical raw materials with the Sustainable Development Goals, and accordingly, international cooperation must increase. This presents opportunities for the United Nations to do more to align the development of critical raw materials with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Récit. Les villes du patrimoine de demain
Le patrimoine urbain est plus qu'un témoignage de notre passé. Il inspire la recherche d'une relation idéale entre l'homme et l’espace. L'Arabie saoudite possède un patrimoine urbain et architectural diversifié dans ses 13 régions, ce qui lui vaut d'être reconnue comme l'un des plus importants exemples de patrimoine culturel au monde, tant sous ses formes matérielles qu'immatérielles.
Interview. Ahmad Angawi, artist. At the crossroads of industrial design and heritage
Dossier. En cours de construction : l'avenirdes Caraïbes par la culture
Dans la rue de Cuba, dans la vieille ville de La Havane, le matin, les gens se tiennent sur leurs balcons pour observer l'avancement des travaux sur le toit de l'ancien couvent de Santa Clara. En sirotant tranquillement un café fraîchement préparé, au milieu du bruit des marteaux et des scies, ils scrutent la manière dont les ouvriers disposent les pièces de bois. Ce travail requiert de l'habileté et beaucoup de patience, et il faut couvrir plus de 100 mètres linéaires sur une charpente en treillis de bois. Il s'agit de l'un des plus grands projets de ce type en Amérique latine, et occupe deux pâtés de maisons. Lorsque la structure sera terminée, les ouvriers remonteront sur le toit, sous le soleil brûlant des Caraïbes, pour poser près de 10 000 tuiles.
Story. A digital dive into heritage
In 2022, the UNESCO World Heritage Convention celebrated its 50th anniversary under the theme 'The Next 50: World Heritage as a source of resilience, humanity and innovation’. The achievement of the landmark Convention is evident in figures, with more than 1,100 cultural and natural World Heritage sites in 167 countries protected and promoted under the Convention. As the Convention enters the next 50 years, leveraging new technologies will be crucial, notably in the face of crises.
Assessment of the enhanced nationally determined contributions of the Republic of Korea and the strategies for the 2050 net-zero target
The Republic of Korea has made a net-zero pledge and submitted enhanced nationally determined contributions (NDCs), targeting a 40 per cent reduction in gashouse emissions by 2030 compared to 2018 levels. This article provides a review of the country’s mitigation progress by evaluating its NDCs and 2050 net-zero commitments. Three key challenges are identified: limited time window to meet the targets; energy transition difficulties; transforming carbon-intensive industries. A SWOT analysis informs strategic directions in four areas: accelerating low-carbon transitions in key sectors; enhancing mitigation policy effectiveness in building stakeholder consensus on transition costs; bolstering international cooperation for carbon neutrality.
Story. Building capacity for a flourishing World Heritage ecosystem
People are at the heart of World Heritage, as heritage is valued and cherished by people, created by people, and conserved by and for people. It is people that initiate actions for protection of their heritage and its values, and people that derive benefits from heritage. Investment into developing the capacities of people and communities, therefore, is not only logical but crucial for the future of heritage.
Les Archives. Revue du Patrimoine Mondial, n°1 Juin 1996
« La paix ne peut se construire que sur le respect d'autrui, l'acceptation de la diversité et la tolérance à l’égard des différences. L'un des meilleurs moyens de favoriser la compréhension entre les peuples est de partager le patrimoine naturel et culturel du monde. »
Китай: неизведанные миры на дне «небесных ям»
В 2016 году я и моя исследовательская группа спустились на 600 метров под землю на днотянькэна Дашивэй, расположенного в уезде Лэе городского округа Байсэ в Гуанси-Чжуанском автономном районе Китая. Термином «тянькэн», что в переводе с китайского значит «небесная яма», называют крупные карстовые провалы с крутыми, отвесными склонами, которые в течение миллионов лет образовались в пластах карбонатных пород.
Идеи: Женщины-викинги выходят из тени
Cлово «викинг» долгое время ассоциировалось с образом высокого мускулистого мужчины в шлеме и с оружием в руке, с грозным видом стоящего на носу корабля и готового в любую минуту нападать, грабить и поджигать. Однако сегодня под влиянием новых междисциплинарных исследований и повышенного интереса к средневековой истории, которая становится темой не только музейных выставок и научных трудов, но также фильмов и публикаций в социальных сетях, наше видение викингов постепенно меняется.
Канада: природа по назначению врача
Венсан Бобьен, 33-летний прораб из Делсона, небольшого города недалеко от Монреаля, ясно ощущает потребность регулярно бывать в лесу. Он устраивает пикники у костра, дремлет, иногда просто гуляет. Находясь среди деревьев, он чувствует себя лучше уже после нескольких шагов по лесной тропе. По его словам, лес приносит ему необходимые спокойствие и умиротворение: «Когда я выхожу из леса, эти ощущения остаются со мной».
Широкий обзор: Зов леса
В 2015 году Национальное управление США по аэронавтике и исследованию космоса (НАСА) опубликовало видеозапись, на которой в ускоренной съемке можно увидеть «дыхание» нашей планеты. С апреля по сентябрь бореальные леса Сибири, Скандинавии и Северной Америки оживают, окрашивая в зеленый цвет большую часть северного полушария, а с приближением зимы зеленые участки сжимаются. В южном полушарии наблюдается обратный процесс. Таким образом, зелень лесов то увеличивается, то уменьшается вслед за положением солнца. Три крупнейших в мире тропических леса — в Амазонии, бассейне реки Конго и Индонезии — представлены на карте постоянной темно-зеленой полосой по обе стороны от экватора.
Углеродные кредиты: иллюзорное решение?
С тоимость срубленного дерева вычислить легко: в настоящее время цена на древесину составляет примерно 350 $. Но какова ценность дерева, растущего в лесу? Как оценить его вклад в биоразнообразие, его влияние на климат, жизнь человека и сельское хозяйство? Леса служат домом для птиц, поглощают углерод, создают тень и регулируют количество осадков. Но рыночную стоимость оказываемых ими экологических услуг определить сложно. Это привело к рождению новой идеи.
Мексика: хранительницы мангровых лесов
Эрика Барнетт, дочь рыбака из индейского племени сери, проживающего на северо-востоке Мексики, с юных лет наблюдала, как волны уносят в море ростки мангровых деревьев. Она стала собирать их и сажать рядом со своим домом на побережье.
Наглядно: Объекты всемирного наследия в основе сохранения биоразнообразия
Yтрата биоразнообразия ставит под угрозу выживание огромного количества видов и стабильность экосистем нашей планеты. Особое беспокойство эта проблема вызывает в отношении объектов всемир ного наследия ЮНЕСКО, на долю которых приходится более одной пятой всего биологического разнообразия планеты.
Дания: школа среди деревьев
Воспитанники детского сада «Круттхус» (Krudthus), расположенного в Северной Зеландии (Дания) в 30 км к северу от Копенгагена, большую часть времени проводят в лесу. Они учатся узнавать прячущихся под камнями и валежником насекомых, смотрят, как меняются деревья в разное время года, изучают круговорот жизни в природе, наблюдая за разложением мертвых растений. В перерывах между занятиями они бегают и играют, рыбачат или катаются на велосипеде на лужайке.
Вождь папуасов мундидже кепанга: посланник древних лесов
Город Тари, Папуа — Новая Гвинея, 1965 год. На подстилке из листьев фикуса из девственных горных лесов родился мальчик. Ему дали имя Мундидже (Mundiya).
Наш гость: Акира мидзубаяси: музыка слов
Йенс лильестранд: «я хотел передать чувство гнева людей перед лицом пожаров»
Леса бассейна Конго: хрупкое сокровище
С тарые здания колониаль ного периода, ныне занимаемые университетом города Кисангани Демократической Республики Конго (ДРК), не всегда были отведены под изучение окружающей среды — до 1970 года в постройках из красного кирпича с облупившейся штукатуркой находились табачные склады. Примерно в те же годы польский биолог посадил во дворе университета первые деревца.
Коренное население — оплот в борьбе с обезлесением
« 3a то, что лес все еще цел, следует благодарить коренное население. Охрана лесов сегодня является нашей самой важной миссией, потому что от них зависит не только наша жизнь, но и жизнь всего человечества», — утверждает представительница народа суруи (пайтер) Тшай Суруи, активистка и координатор молодежного движения коренных народов в бразильском штате Рондония.
Фокус: Жизнь в ретроспективе
О ни кажутся такими чужими и знакомыми одновременно. Эти фотографии быци сделаны до наступления эры лифровых технологий, до появления селфи и Instagram. От их винтажных цветов и особой зернистой текстуры изображения веет наивностью и меланхолией. У героев снимков нет имен. Мы ничего не знаем ни о них, ни о человеке, который однажды запечатлел эти сцены повседневной жизни на пленку. Все, что у нас есть, — это страна и год (представленные ниже фотографии были сделаны в Соединенных Штатах Америки и Соединенном Королевстве в период с 1950 по 1970 год).
