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Climate Change and Migration
Recent empirical studies have found that climate variability and migration are characterized by a non-linear relationship. This study explores the climate change impacts on migratory processes. It outlines the key elements of natural and human induced climate change of potential relevance to migration discusses the current state of debate about the relationship between climate change and migration and describes possible approaches and methodologies with which to further our understanding of climate change-related migration.
Migration and Development
Policy coherence between migration and development agendas is of increasing interest in current times; there is growing recognition that migration policies should support rather than hinder investment in international development. The aim of this study is to build on existing international research and take the analysis to the next higher level showing how these connections can be made in practice. Policy makers often focus on remittances as the main means of translating the migration-development nexus into reality. However this paper shows that there are many stages in the migration cycle from departure to return and reintegration back home that present opportunities to make migration more “development friendly” and conversely to raise development awareness of migration factors.
Irregular Migration from West Africa to the Maghreb and the European Union
The media and prevailing policy discourses convey an increasingly apocalyptic image of the massive outflows of desperate Africans fleeing poverty and war at home. This study tries to achieve a more empirically and quantitatively founded understanding of the nature scale and recent evolution of irregular West African migration to Maghreb and Europe. Furthermore the publication evaluates how policies to manage trans-Saharan and trans-Mediterranean migration have affected current migration patterns.
Migration and Climate Change
This report focuses on the possible future scenarios for climate change natural disasters and migration and development looking to increase awareness and find answers to the challenges that lie ahead. It states that even though it is defined as growing crisis the consequences of climate change for human population are unclear and unpredictable. The study points out that scientific basis for climate change is increasingly well established and confirms that current predictions as to the “carrying capacity” in large parts of the world will be compromised by climate change.
Migration, Development and Natural Disasters
According to the present report the recent Asian tsunami highlights the need to take migrant communities both regular and irregular into account when planning for natural disasters in order to ensure they are treated in accordance with the core principles of international human rights law and international humanitarian law. The report concludes that a number of measures need to be taken to ensure that migrants are fairly treated in the aftermath of a disaster including the setting up of systems to monitor their immediate medium and long-term well-being.
Trafficking in Human Beings and the 2006 World Cup in Germany
Prior to the World Cup in Germany in 2006 there was considerable international concern that this event would contribute to a sharp increase in trafficking for sexual exploitation. This report investigates whether the number of victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation increased during this sporting event. All data information and experts’ statements that are available to date strongly indicate that an increase in human trafficking during and after the World Cup did not actually occur.
A Study of Migrant-Sending Households in Serbia Receiving Remittances from Switzerland
This report specifically presents the results of IOM’s mandated work in particular the volume frequency transfer mechanisms use determinants and impact of remittances on transnational Serbian households receiving support from relatives in Switzerland. This report concludes with recommendations for ways in which these remittance flows and their development impacts can be enhanced.
Migration and Poverty Alleviation in China
China has achieved remarkable progress in poverty alleviation since the start of its reforms. Rural-urban labour migration on an unprecedented scale played a vital role in rural income growth poverty reduction and economic development. The present publication argues that although migration in China has unique institutional characteristics the experiences and lessons to be drawn from considering migration as a development approach have important implications for the shaping of appropriate developmental policies.
Engaging Diasporas as Development Partners for Home and Destination Countries
This publication explores different challenges posed to home and host country governments engaging with their diasporas for development purposes. How to define diasporas? How to gather data on diasporas? How to incorporate diaspora contributions into development strategies? How to identify most relevant partners within the diasporas? What incentives are conducive to diaspora contributions? What resources are available within diasporas and how can their impact on development be maximized? What is the role for policy? These are some of the questions raised in this publication.
Remittances in the Great Lakes Region
This study aims to provide insight into the advantages and disadvantages of existing transfer methods governmental and non-state initiatives regarding remittances and the obstacles and opportunities for harnessing the development impact of these financial flows. The introductory chapter presents a conceptual framework on remittances. The second third and fourth chapters provide an analysis of the remittance dynamics of the DRC Burundi and Rwanda.
Domestic Migrant Remittances in China
Remittances are an integral feature of the internal migration process in China. In order to understand the contributions remittances can make to development and the ways in which potential benefits may be enhanced there are several questions that need to be answered. For instance how are such funds distributed within and across regions? What channels are used to send money to the rural areas? Who are the people in the rural community receiving the money? Why do some migrants fail to remit? How are remittances spent? And what are the policy implications of how the money is distributed remitted and used? This report draws on a rich body of English and Chinese literature to find answers to these questions.
Migration, Human Smuggling and Trafficking from Nigeria to Europe
There are several hundreds of thousands of Nigerians throughout Europe half of whom live in the United Kingdom. According to this report emigration has represented a considerable drain of highly qualified labour from Nigeria while at the same time the Nigerians abroad represent a substantial resource to their country of origin and they send more than a billion US dollars back to their relatives every year.
Migration and Development
There is growing consensus that international migration can have important impacts on development and that it is important to develop appropriate and effective policy interventions that will help realize the full potential of international migration. This will require devising measures to harness the developmental potential that emigration from developing countries can bring while at the same time ensuring that the depletion of highly skilled workers does not damage development outcomes in the countries of origin. This paper is intended to guide policymakers through some of these challenges.
Migration and Development
There is much greater awareness today that development affects migration and that migration influences development. The challenge is to find innovative and effective ways to enhance the benefits of migration while mitigating its adverse development implications for emigration countries. This study assesses and analyses the migration and development situation of Angola and Zambia.
The Millennium Development Goals and Migration
There is a noticeable gap in research and analysis on how migration is linked to development. This paper identifies linkages that have the potential both to challenge and to support the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The complexities of this phenomenon need to be understood in order to be better achieve those targets.
Internal Migration and Development
With a few exceptions evidence suggests that internal population movements are growing. While there have been few formal efforts to estimate the economic contribution of migrant labour this report argues that internal migration can play an important role in poverty reduction and economic development and should therefore not be controlled or actively discouraged.
Dynamics of Remittance Utilization in Bangladesh
More than 1 million Bangladeshis live permanently outside the country and some 200000 or more leave the country every year to work elsewhere. Most of these migrants send part of their earnings home on a regular or irregular basis. This report takes Bangladesh as a case study and looks at the importance of remittances for the economic development of the origin countries of migrant communities.
The Development Potential of Zimbabweans in the Diaspora
This report draws on findings from a survey of 1000 Zimbabweans living in the United Kingdom and South Africa and aims to obtain a profile in terms of their skills base transnational links and interest in contributing to development. It examines the education and employment skills base of respondents on arrival in either the UK or South Africa and their educational qualifications and employment at the time of the survey. Transnational activities are also explored including the sending of economic and other remittances.
Migration from Latin America to Europe
Part of the IOM Migration Research Series this study reveals various trends and policy challenges relating to migration from Latin America and the Caribbean to Europe which has grown rapidly over the last decade. These increased flows calls for strengthened cooperation between the two regions on migration issues specifically the effective integration of migration issues into the ongoing development cooperation activities and political dialogues.
Is Trafficking in Human Beings Demand Driven?
This research paper reveals the findings of a multi-country pilot study carried out to investigate the demand side related to the trafficking of human beings. It focuses on employer demand for domestic workers in private homes and consumer demand for commercial sexual services in selected European and Asian countries. In both sex and domestic work the absence of effective regulation is one of the factors that help to create an environment in which it is possible and profitable to use forced labour.