Natural Resources Water and Energy
Acknowledgements
This report was prepared under the overall direction and guidance of Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana Under-Secretary- General of the United Nations and Executive Secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). Hongjoo Hahm Deputy Executive Secretary provided valuable advice and comments. The report was coordinated by a core team under the direction of Hamza Ali Malik Director of the Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division. The core team led by Oliver Paddison included Jose Antonio Pedrosa-Garcia Andrzej Bolesta Yusuke Tateno and Naylin Oo.
تمهيد
تشكّل اتفاقية حماية واستخدام المجاري المائية العابرة للحدود والبحيرات الدولية )اتفاقية المياه(، التي تستضيف آليةً لتعزيز التدابير الوطنية والتعاون الدولي من أجل ،)UNECE( أمانتها لجنة الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية لأوروبا الإدارة السليمة بيئيّاً للمياه السطحية والجوفية العابرة للحدود وحمايتها.
Введение
Европейская экономическая комиссия Организации Объединенных Наций (ЕЭК ООН) является одним из партнеров реализующих проект Счета развития Организации Объединенных Наций (United Nations Development Account UNDA) «Глобальная инициатива по восстановлению сектора ММСП после COVID-19». Общая цель проекта заключается в укреплении потенциала и устойчивости микро- малых и средних предприятий (ММСП) в развивающихся странах и странах с переходной экономикой для смягчения экономических и социальных последствий глобального кризиса COVID-19. В рамках своей задачи в рамках проекта ЕЭК ООН разработала доклад «Руководство и передовой опыт для микро- малых и средних предприятий по поставке энергоэффективной продукции и производству оборудования для возобновляемой энергетики» (“Guidelines and best practices for micro- small and medium enterprises in delivering energy-efficient products and in providing renewable energy equipment”).
Передовая практика в секторе энергоэффективности, имеющая отношение к реагированию ммсп на кризис COVID-19 и посткризисное восстановление
По мере того как пандемия распространялась в странах-членах ЕЭК ООН многие страны ввели запреты на поездки ограничили перемещение товаров приостановили второстепенные виды деятельности и ввели нормы дистанцирования в общественных местах и на рабочих местах. Чтобы соответствовать этим ограничениям многие отрасли были вынуждены закрыть производство на данный период.
Выражение признательности
Проект Счета развития Организации Объединенных Наций (United Nations Development Account UNDA) под названием «Глобальная инициатива по восстановлению сектора ММСП после COVID-19» имел целью укрепление потенциала и устойчивости микро- малых и средних предприятий (ММСП) в развивающихся странах и странах с переходной экономикой для смягчения экономических и социальных последствий глобального кризиса COVID-19. Европейская экономическая комиссия Организации Объединенных Наций (ЕЭК ООН) выступала партнером в реализации проекта и данная публикация основана на работе проводимой в его рамках. Одним из направлений деятельности ЕЭК ООН было изучение передового опыта и разработка руководящих принципов для ММСП в предоставлении энергоэффективных продуктов и услуг и оборудования для возобновляемых источников энергии в ответ на кризис COVID-19.
Conclusion
Asia-Pacific small island developing States need to accelerate action to implement the 2030 Agenda. This is especially important as based on current trends these States will not reach most of the Sustainable Development Goals. The situation has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic which has disrupted international travel brought tourism businesses to a standstill and which through its economic and social impacts may reverse years of development gains. To accelerate progress towards achieving these Goals small island developing States must take full advantage of their blue economy in a sustainable manner. This will entail ensuring the sustainability of existing ocean resources that are currently overexploited or at the risk of overexploitation and developing those sectors that provide productive employment and close links to the local economy and local populations. This report argues that fisheries and tourism are among the most important and promising sectors contributing to poverty reduction and sustainable development of Asia-Pacific small island developing States. Although these sectors are already firmly embedded as pillars of their economies sectoral challenges concerned with sustainability and their limited progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals must be addressed. Doing so harbours the potential to create valuable synergies with other sectors notably between coastal fisheries and marine-based tourism.
Fisheries as a driver of sustainable development in Asia-Pacific small island developing States
Fisheries have historically been one of the most important sectors for Asia-Pacific small island developing States; accordingly Governments have tried to develop them. The first substantial initiatives by Governments to increase benefits from the fisheries sector started in the 1960s and 1970s and were mainly through coastal fisheries development. The derived benefits were mostly in the form of greater cash income and an increased supply of fish for growing urban areas.
United Nations Resource Management System: Objectives and requirements
The critical role of efficient management of natural resources in achieving almost all of the SDGs is clearly recognized in the 2030 Agenda. In this context efficient management means a process which is both “integrated and indivisible and balance[s] the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic social and environmental”. This observation moves the economics of resource management firmly into the domain defined by John Nash in his papers on equilibrium theory as those transaction types where parties either both win or both lose24. What has characterized the past century of resource management is the successive boom and bust cycles with negative externalities such as pollution and discarded wastes imposed by one generation on the next typically at a very high cost.
Droughts: the lived experience
This chapter provides a link between the presentation of drought and related hazards exposure and vulnerabilities in Chapter 1 and the options and pathways for avoiding risks and building resilience in Chapter 3. Through the lived experience of coping with and responding to drought this chapter explores the current understanding of drought supplemented where necessary with accounts of the wide range of impacts response and adaptation actions. It looks at the extent to which society understands and manages drought and its systemic characteristics causes impacts and lingering effects including the efficiency of drought planning responsive actions support services and the adaptive learning challenge that this presents. This chapter also analyses the key features of hazard exposure and vulnerability through the lens of climate change and related drivers. The case studies and the challenges described in this chapter explore the historical current and prospective policies and practices applied in recent droughts.
Выражение признательности
Эта публикация была подготовлена в рамках Протокола по проблемам воды и здоровья совместным секретариатом Европейской экономической комиссии ООН (ЕЭК ООН) и ВОЗ-Европа. Это было бы невозможным без щедрого вклада многих правительственных структур отдельных экспертов международных и неправительственных организаций.
Foreword
The GAR Special Report on Drought 2021 comes at a pivotal moment as the world reflects on how it should deal with the threats various risks pose to sustainable development. As the Covid-19 pandemic has made tangible for so many hazardous events that may have been thought of as being confined to a sector or spatially and temporally limited can quickly transform into crises with long-lasting globally catastrophic social ecological and economic consequences.