UNDP implements programmes in Somalia under extremely difficult circumstances in a context of violence and attacks on staff and in a situation where a good part of the country is without an effective government or secular rule of law. The killing of the Head of the Mogadishu sub-office in July 2008 and the car bombing of the UNDP Hargeisa office in October 2008 have been particularly traumatic and have impacted considerably on the capacity of the organization – and the whole UN – to operate. One of the many consequences of these grave security incidents has been the evacuation of staff from South and Central Somalia and the severe restrictions on travel to and within other regions. The chaotic political process, continued armed conflict in many parts of the country, the emergence of radical groups and general instability have also been factors influencing decisions made by both UNDP and its donors.