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- Volume 1981, Issue 14, 1981
CEPAL Review - Volume 1981, Issue 14, 1981
Volume 1981, Issue 14, 1981
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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The transnational corporations and Latin America’s present form of economic growth
Author: Luiz Claudio MarinhoThe form of development which particularly pre-dominates in the largest countries of the region has been repeatedly criticized in various CEPAL studies because of its tendency towards a concentrated distribution of income, the persistence of extreme poverty, incapacity to absorb the entire labour force in a productive manner, growing external vulnerability, and increasing loss of national capacity to manage the economy.
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The transnational corporations in a new planning process
Author: Arturo Nunez del PradoDuring the last few years, events of the greatest importance have taken place which have significantly altered the world picture, and of course the Latin American one too. The author therefore considers it an appropriate time to reflect on some aspects of the prevailing form of development, and especially the role played by the transnational corporations in this context.
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The East, the South and the transnational corporations
Author: Alberto Jiménez de LucioTechnological developments in transport and communications have made possible the centrally-managed internationalization of production and marketing of goods and services: a system which increasingly dominates the international economic scene. This internationalization across borders has been accompanied by internalization within corporate boundaries: a significant portion of international trade is today intra-fir in trade, between branches of a single large corporation.
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Transnationals and mining development in Bolivia, Chile and Peru
Author: Jan KnakalWith the aim of taking greater advantage of their non-renewable natural resources, the governments of Latin America have made substantial changes in the production structure of the mining sector since the end of the war, expanding the share of the State in this sector’s activities and applying active policies as well as carrying out negotiations with the transnational corporations which have traditionally been in control of the sector, In the absence of any national private enterprises with the necessary financial, technological and administrative capacity, the Stale has been obliged in some countries to undertake entrepreneurial functions and to establish public enterprises to mine, process and market minerals. In spite of this, however, in many cases dependence on the transnational corporations has persisted, especially in the fields of technology and world-level marketing.
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Transnational enterprises and the internationalization of capital in Brazilian industry
Authors: Maria da Conceigäo Tavares and Aloisio TeixeiraIn a careful analytic movement from the genera) to the particular, the authors seek to clarify the complex and controversial phenomenon of the internationalization of capital. In the first part, after briefly reviewing the main theories in this area, they characterize the central aspects of postwar capitalist expansion in the centres; this expansion is analysed in various stages, beginning with the hegemony of the United States immediately after the war, through the period of expansion of the subsidiaries of transnational corporations (TNCs) originating from the United States, Europe and Japan, continuing with the national responses to this ‘American challenge’ and the differentiation among the centres, and culminating in the crisis of recent years which is causing the breakdown of the international order.
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The transnational corporations in the Chilean economy
Author: Eugenio Lahera P.The objective of this article is to analyse the presence and impact of the transnational corporations on the Chilean economy during the period 1974 1979. It is based to a large extent on a previous study made by the author which presents the empirical evidence and the methodology used in greater detail (Eugenio Lahera, Presencia y participación de las empresas transnacionales en la economía chilena, (E/CEPAL/B.235), August 1980). A substantial part of the statistical data, however, was especially updated for this article, which consist’ of three sections In the first section, the author briefly analyses the guiding principles behind government policy on foreign investments; in the second, he considers the variations undergone by direct foreign investment in Chile between 1974 and 1979; and in the third section he deals with the repercussions of rise transnational corporations on the economy of the country. This section is followed by the conclusions, among which the author lays particular stress on some which contrast with generally held views on this matter, rims, for example, although tire policies on foreign investments applied by the government during the period under consideration were very liberal, the average flow of direct foreign investment was smaller than that recorded in previous years and its accumulated total did not reach the levels of the late 1960s. Moreover, this investment has been concentrated in a few economic units, has been used primarily to purchase local enterprises or to strengthen existing foreign enterprises, and has been oriented towards the internal market. In short, it has not assumed an important role in the economic development of the country mill indeed, on die contrary, could the Ip to aggravate certain problems such as that of the external bottleneck.
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The State and transnational banks: Lessons from the Bolivian crisis of external public indebtedness
Author: Michael D. MortimoreIn order to examine the decisive role played by transnational private banks in the Bolivian economy in recent years, the author considers the concept of external dependence. After analysing in his introduction the usual meanings of this concept as referred to external vulnerability and foreign participation in the economy, he concentrates on what he calls Voluntary dependence’, where such dependence is generated or increased due to the actual economic policy adopted by the State.
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Transnational banks, external debt and Peru: Results of a recent study
Author: Robert DevlinThe causes of the economic crisis experienced by Peru in recent years are primarily of domestic origin. At the same time, “however, the author considers that those of external origin should not be underestimated, including those connected with the role played by the private commercial banks, which is the subject of this article.
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