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CEPAL Review - Volume 1976, Issue 1, 1976
Volume 1976, Issue 1, 1976
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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A critique of peripheral capitalism
Author: Raúl PrebischThe purpose of this article is to set forth the features, relations and fundamental problems which characterize peripheral development. The analysis principally seeks to throw light on the mechanisms underlying the distribution of the fruits of technological progress among the different social strata. To this end, a detailed account is given of the process of creation of the surplus and of its primary appropriation by the upper strata (through the power deriving from their ownership of the means of production), and its secondary appropriation by the middle strata (which are favoured by democratization).
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Situation and prospects of the Latin American economy in 1975
Author: Enrique V. IglesiasAfter describing the economic recession which came to a head in 1975 and examining some overall indicators, this article analyses the most important underlying causes of the recession. Two interrelated causes are particularly worthy of note: firstly, the deterioration of the economic situation of the centres, and secondly, the sharper contradiction between the growing demand for imports required by the prevail ing type of growth and the capacity to produce the foreign exchange necessary to pay for them and to cope with an increasing volume of financial services.
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Styles of development in Latin America
Author: Aníbal PintoThe discussion of styles of development has been complicated by the improper use of this and other associated terms. In order to avoid misunderstandings, this article starts by examining the concepts of system and structure and on this basis, goes on to define a style of development as “the way in which human and material resources are organized and assigned within a particular system with the object of solving such questions as what goods and services to produce; how; and for whom”. More specifically, it notes two sets of features of such styles: (a) those which make up the structural basis of the production apparatus, especially the sectoral structure of the product and employment, the various technological strata, and the predominant type of external relationship, and (b) the dynamic elements of the system, which are revealed by analysing the level and composition of demand and its underlying basic factors, namely the level and distribution of income. These two sets of features are closely linked by a circle of mutual cause and effect.
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Approaches to development: who is approaching what?
Author: Marshall WolfeAfter several decades of thinking and action about development, controversy still persists over the objectives it should pursue and the means that should be adopted in order to secure it.
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Power and development styles
Author: Jorge GraciaremThis article makes a critical analysis of the various ways in which the concept of styles of development has been used, especially by those participating in the recent efforts to shape a unified approach to development. First of all, it briefly summarizes the main stages in the evolution of recent thinking on this matter, beginning with development strategies defined from a strictly economic point of view. It goes on to describe how social aspects — education, health, housing, social security, etc. — were gradually added, while more recently attempts have been made to incorporate elements of a sociological and political nature. Finally, a critical analysis is made of some of these attempts (especially those based on an analysis of the agents of development), and the article concludes with a definition of the concept of styles of development and an enumeration of the criteria which should be used as a guide in their analysis.
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Notes on integration
Author: Cristóbal Lara BeautellIt is argued in these notes that a number of factors, together with the current problems in the world economy, tend to make integration appear less important than it really is and to reduce its chances of success, so that a clear interpretation and evaluation — not as yet available — is called for.
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Volume 1976