Classifications used in this report

Unless otherwise specified, in this Report the least developed countries (LDCs) are classified according to a combination of geographical and structural criteria. The small island LDCs that are geographically in Africa or Asia are thus grouped with the Pacific islands, due to their structural similarities. Haiti and Madagascar, which are regarded as large island States, are grouped with the African LDCs. South Sudan declared its independence on 9 July 2011, and became both an independent State and a United Nations Member State on 14 July 2011. Accordingly, starting with 2011, data for South Sudan and the Sudan, where available, are shown under the respective country name. For periods prior to the independence of South Sudan, data for the Sudan (former) include those for South Sudan unless otherwise indicated. The resulting groups are as follows:

Sustainable Development Goals:

Affordable and Clean Energy

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions