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R2P and kinship in the context of Syria and Lebanon

image of R2P and kinship in the context of Syria and Lebanon

From the perspective of the protection of minorities, the case of the protection of vulnerable groups in Lebanon is particularly poignant. It could be argued that the first real treaty of public international law that concerned minorities was expressed in the context of the Lebanese ethnoreligious group the Maronites. This group was “adopted” by St Louis of France and was the subject of what is referred to in the literature as the “Promise of St. Louis of France 1250”. This adoption was essentially undertaken in the context of providing the Maronites safe passage across Europe, and was renewed subsequently by Louis XVI. It is important to point out that this unilateral declaration of support for the Maronites occurred before the articulation of the concept of state sovereignty, and thereby St Louis’s promise did not incur the formal violation of the sovereignty of another state or quasi-state entity – an issue fundamental in any discussion of the responsibility to protect (R2P). Also, unlike relations between modern Syria and Lebanon, where the former’s intervention could be justified on the grounds of the protection of kin Muslim communities, St Louis’s promise was towards the Christians. Nonetheless, it could be argued that, from a historical perspective, the “Promise” was an antecedent to the R2P doctrine formulated nearly eight centuries later.

Related Subject(s): Migration
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