Selected Caspian Sea issues

The Caspian is the largest inland body of water in the world, containing some 44% of the globe’s inland waters. Physically, the Caspian Sea is one of extremes. Its salinity varies greatly. Air temperatures are likewise extreme, from summer highs in the mid–30° C range to minus 20° in the north Caspian, causing icing each winter. Morphologically, the Sea is divided into three parts, the northern shallow part (average depth 6 m), the middle section with an average depth of 190 m (maximum depth 788 m) and the southern Caspian with a maximum depth of 1025 m. Although the basin is well oxygenated in general, the vast variations in river flow may contribute to periods of deep-water anoxia from time to time.

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