Country snapshot (trends)

Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia, covering a territory of 69,700 km2 (figure 1.1). It is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by the Russian Federation, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Georgia is located in the mountainous South Caucasus region of Eurasia, straddling Western Asia and Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Its northern border with the Russian Federation roughly runs along the crest of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, a commonly recognised boundary between Europe and Asia. Georgia is divided into 9 regions, 1 city (capital) and 2 autonomous republics. These are then subdivided into 60 districts. The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Georgia’s climate is affected by subtropical influences from the west and continental influences from the east. The Greater Caucasus mountain range moderates the local climate by serving as a barrier against cold air from the north. Warm, moist air from the Black Sea moves easily into the coastal lowlands from the west. Climatic zones are determined by the distance from the Black Sea and by altitude. Along the Black Sea coast, from Abkhazia to the Turkish border, and in the region known as the Kolkhida Lowlands inland from the coast, the dominant subtropical climate features high humidity and heavy precipitation (1,000 to 2,000 mm) of rain per year. The Black Sea port of Batumi receives 2,500 mm of rainfall per year. The midwinter average temperature is 5°C and the midsummer average is 22°C.

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