Conclusions and recommendations

GNSS, which were originally designed to provide positioning and timing services to users on the ground, are increasingly being utilized for on-board autonomous navigation in space. While use of GNSS in LEO has become routine, its use in higher orbits has historically posed unique and difficult challenges, including limited geometric visibility and reduced signal strength. Only recently have these been overcome by high-altitude users through weak-signal processing techniques and on-board estimation filters.

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