1945

Agricultural supply chain is generally considered the most complex in terms of movement of goods and services especially due to their time and temperature sensitive nature. Significance of import quotas and export subsidies has lowered over the last decade, while the agricultural products are reported to have largest number of non-tariff measures (NTM) complaints compared to that of other sectors (Tongeren and Disdier 2010). Agrotrade suffers from a range of constraints causing time delays and incurring additional cost leading to increased transaction cost for traders. These include cumbersome custom procedures, poor capacity of meeting product standards and regularly varying standards, unavailability of proper trade logistics services, lack of trade finance and infrastructure issues such as poor border facilities. And the list goes on. These constraints can be divided into four main categories: Trade Procedures, Product Standards, Trade Logistics and Trade Finance. These are significant challenges to Trade Facilitation in agriculture which eventually impact trade competitiveness.

Sustainable Development Goals:
/content/books/9789210564762c005
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