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- Volume 1992, Issue 46, 1992
CEPAL Review - Volume 1992, Issue 46, 1992
Volume 1992, Issue 46, 1992
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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In memory of Fernando Fajnzylber: Gert Rosenthal, Executive Secretary, ECLAC.
Author: United NationsA few days before this issue of CEPAL Review went to press, our institution was shaken by an unexpected and tragic event: a fulminating heart attack had taken away from us one of the leading figures in the Secretariat. For those of us who had the privilege of knowing Fernando Fajnzylber personally and working with him, the sense of personal loss was overwhelming, while for the institution the loss was beyond measure.
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Latin America and the internationalization of the world economy
Author: Mikio KuwayamaThis article questions the generally accepted theory that the international economy is being polarized into three regional nuclei: the United States, the European Economic Community, and Japan. In the light of trade and financial trends In the 1980s, it is maintained that there is no evidence of the formation of three trade blocs. Economic Interdependence, as measured by the relation between Intra-regional trade and the gross domestic product, shows that the EEC is the only one of the three centres which could conceivably fulfil the conditions for assuming the creation of a bloc. In global terms, the growth in trade in goods in each one of these groups during the 1980s favoured trade with the rest of the world more than intra-regional trade.
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Privatizing and rolling back the Latin American State
Author: David FélixThe author holds that the economic benefits from rolling back the State arc likely to be disappointing –partly because of adverse conjunctural factors- while the rolling back will be Impermanent. For economic and political reasons, the centre of gravity of economic policy will remain a mixed economy with a large interventionist public sector.
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State-owned enterprise reform in Latin America
Authors: Antonio Martín del Campo and Donald R. WinklerThe purpose of this study is to analyse the major characteristics and consequences of State-owned enterprise (SOE) reforms in Latin America so as to derive conclusions useful for guiding future reform programmes. Three countries at different stages of the reform process were identified for in-depth study; Chile, Mexico and Argentina. The underlying rationale for SOE reforms in Latin America has been both economic and political. In most countries the need to reduce the public sector deficit was a primary motive for initiating reforms. In Chile, Mexico and Argentina public sector deficits hit historic highs in the year prior to the initiation of reforms. Chile initiated the first major reform of sons in the region in 1974.
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The Central American entrepreneur as economic and social actor
Author: Andrés PérezAt the present time, Central American society is faced with the task of simultaneously furthering a process of market liberalization and the development and consolidation of political systems of a liberal-democratic nature. Reconciling the market economic project with the democratic political project in the conditions of social polarization prevailing in the region is of course a colossal task. In it, Central American entrepreneurs will have a vitally important role to play, not only as economic but also as political actors. For them to be able to contribute to the quest for a just and effective balance between the market and democracy, profound changes must take place in the thinking which guides the actions of entrepreneurs in Central America, and hence also in the content and orientation of management training programmes in the region.
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Why are men so irresponsible?
Author: Fuben KaztmanThis article seeks to answer the question posed in the title, which refers in particular to men in the lower-class urban sectors. The statistics reflect a type of behavior marked by an avoidance of the obligations connected with the formation and maintenance of a family, leading to an increase in rates of illegitimacy, in the proportion of adolescent pregnancies, and in the rates of abandonment of families with children.
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Erroneous theses on youth in the 1990s
Author: John DurstonRecent proposals aimed at furthering equality of opportunities for young people are often not backed up by detailed empirical information. This article takes issue with some contentions made in diagnoses on this subject, especially regarding formal education and integration into work, and contrasts them with recent information in this respect.
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Decentralization and equity
Author: Sergio BoisierECLAC has slaked its all on the idée-force of changing production patterns with equity and sustainability. It has done well to take this decision, and it would be desirable for all the “players” (at least those in the institution itself) to unite their efforts to turn a test tube utopia into an effective and efficient social practice.
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Reorientation of Central American integration
Author: Rómulo Caballeros OteroThe Central American countries promoted a vigorous integration process which gave rise to valuable experience. The increased trade furthered industrialization and stimulated investment, modernization of production and economic growth. However, the exhaustion of the past growth model based on agricultural exports and the persistence of the system of over-protection of substitution industry, which was continued longer than was necessary, led to a profound crisis in the economies and in the integration programme itself.
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MERCOSUR and the new circumstances for its integration
Author: Mónica HirstThis article analyses the evolution since the middle of the past decade in the integration process between Argentina and Brazil which subsequently gave rise to MERCOSUR.
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International industrial linkages and export development: The case of Chile
Author: Alejandra MizalaThis article analyses the role played by international Industrial linkages in the export development of Chile. International industrial linkages or cooperation are taken here to cover a wide range of international entrepreneurial activities other than majority equity contributions.
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The ideas of Prebisch
Author: Ronald V. A. SproutThis paper reviews the evolution of Prebisch’s thought from his early focus on the centre-periphery dynamics to his latest writings on the crisis in peripheral capitalism. An analysis of some of Prebisch’s fundamental ideas follows. Evidence is provided which supports Prebisch’s core ideas, as well as bearing out the observation that he changed with the limes, though probably not enough. The author argues that while Prebisch’s ideas can help restore some balance to the current debates regarding the merits of free markets, his analysis of what the State is capable of doing was insufficient.
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