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- Volume 1994, Issue 53, 1994
CEPAL Review - Volume 1994, Issue 53, 1994
Volume 1994, Issue 53, 1994
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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Latin America and the Caribbean and the world economy
Author: Gert RosenthalI should like to begin by expressing our gratitude to the people and Government of Colombia, and most especially to President César Gaviria. First, for their unwavering support of the United Nations in general and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean in particular, as evidenced by their active and constructive participation in our forums, their unfailing solidarity with the Secretariat, and their manifest spirit of international cooperation.
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Foreign capital inflows and macroeconomic policies
Authors: Daniel Titelman and Andras Uthoff B.In recent years, a number of countries of the region have gained renewed access to international financial markets, thus passing abruptly from a situation of relative scarcity of external resources to one of abundance. This situation has given rise to considerable pressures on certain key variables of their economies, especially the real exchange rate and interest rates.
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Financial repression and the Latin American finance pattern
Author: Marcos Antonio Macedo CintraThis article presents a critique of the theory of financial repression, in place of which it offers an alternative approach to development financing, based mainly on the Keynesian tradition. The concept of financial repression refers to the situation of a market suffering from institutional obstacles, both in terms of economic policy and adm inistrative aspects, which prevent it from attaining an equilibrium position and thus jeopardize the rationality of the resource allocation process.
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Policies for competitiveness
Author: Wilson PeresThe progress made by the countries of the region in their stabilization processes has led policy-makers and entrepreneurs to pay increasing attention to the competitiveness of production activities and the factors and policies that determine it. The stability attained has clearly revealed the levels of some real variables which were hard to quantify in conditions of extreme price variations.
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Industrial policy and promotion of competitiveness
Author: Osvaldo Rosales V.The debate in the region on industrial policy is currently centered on policies to promote competitiveness in the context of open economies. It gives priority to the use of horizontal policies, is based on the market, and attaches great importance to the maintenance of macroeconomic balance. It continues to suffer from weaknesses in its treatment of sectoral issues, however, continues to be reluctant to assimilate the Asian experience of giving support to pioneering firms and seeking closer coordination between the public and private sectors, and still does not give sufficient importance to measures to strengthen the technological base and human resources.
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Changes in the urban female labour market
Author: Irma ArriagadaThis article seeks to make an orderly summary of the information on urban female labour in Latin America in the 1990s and thus make a contribution to an updated diagnosis of the female labour market to help serve in the formulation of policies for women. It looks at the past evolution of fem ale labour, analyses the effects of the crisis of the early 1980s on this sector of labour, and reviews the changes that have taken place in it, which have undermined the validity of some myths on this subject. It also looks at some critical aspects of female labour, such as income, occupational segm entation, the segregated incorporation of women into jobs involving new technology, and the reduction of the stability of female employment, as reflected in the increase in homeworkers and own-account workers.
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Water management and river basins in Latin America
Author: Axel DourojeanniThe sustainability of development remains an academic concept unless it is linked to clear objectives that must be attained in given territories and to the management processes needed to achieve this. Management of the natural resources located within the area of a river basin is a valuable option for guiding and coordinating processes of management for development in the light of environmental variables. In order to turn environmental policies into concrete actions it is necessary to have suitable management bodies, which are normally very complex.
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Agroindustry and changing production patterns in small-scale agriculture
Author: Alexander SchejtmanThe extension of technological progress to sm all-scale agricultural producers is an unavoidable issue in any strategy aimed at changing production patterns with equity in the rural environment. With a few exceptions, analysis of the achievements of public policies in this area reveals that they have fallen far short of their goals even in periods when the restrictions on public spending were nothing like as severe as those faced by the economies of the region today.
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National private groups in Mexico, 1987-1993
Author: Celso GarridoIn the author’s view, an important result of the economic reforms begun in Mexico in 1983, especially in the period after 1987, is that national private groups have assumed a leading place in the new economic model. These are not only traditional groups which were restructured in the course of those reforms, but also new groups which were formed or developed in that period and which have come to have decisive weight in the national economy.
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