International Trade and Finance
Recommandation no 48: Participation du secteur privé aux travaux des organismes nationaux de facilitation du commerce
Au cours des dernières décennies les gouvernements les donateurs et les organisations internationales ont investi dans la création d’organismes nationaux de facilitation du commerce (NTFB) qui existent actuellement dans de nombreux pays du monde. Selon l’édition 2023 de l’Enquête des Nations Unies sur la facilitation du commerce numérique et durable 148 des 163 économies interrogées ont créé ou partiellement créé des NTFB. Dans la région de la Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l’Europe (CEE) 31 des 48 pays participants ont créé des NTFB et 9 autres pays les ont partiellement créés.
Рекомендации K Метрологическое обеспечение оценки соответствия и испытаний
Metrology ensures the uniformity of measurements and their metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI). It allows manufacturers to produce products more accurately more quickly and to a higher standard. It is the key cornerstone to international standardization and the quality infrastructure in general which contributes to the facilitation of trade. This recommendation and its guidelines establish the basis of metrological assurance of conformity assessment and testing and its optimum use in international exchanges. It further provides guidance for economies that have not yet implemented a robust national metrology system.
Рекомендация № 48: Участие частного сектора в работе национальных органов по упрощению процедур торговли
В течение последних десятилетий правительства доноры и международные организации направляли усилия в создание национальных органов по упрощению процедур торговли (ОУПТ) которые в настоящее время существуют во многих странах мира. По данным “Обзора ООН по упрощению процедур цифровой и устойчивой торговли” опубликованного в 2023 году 148 из 163 стран-респондентов создали или частично создали ОУПТ. В регионе Европейской экономической комиссии ООН (ЕЭК) 31 из 48 стран-участниц создали ОУПТ а еще 9 стран создали их частично.
Recommandation K sur l’assurance métrologique de l’évaluation de la conformité et des essais
La métrologie garantit l’uniformité des mesures et leur traçabilité dans le Système international d’unités (SI). Elle permet aux fabricants de créer des produits de meilleure qualité de manière plus précise et plus rapide. Pierre angulaire de la normalisation internationale et de l’infrastructure qualité en général elle contribue à faciliter les échanges commerciaux. La présente recommandation et les lignes directrices qui l’accompagnent posent les fondations de l’assurance métrologique de l’évaluation de la conformité et des essais et de son utilisation optimale dans le cadre des échanges internationaux. On y trouvera également des conseils pour les économies qui n’ont pas encore mis en place de système national de métrologie solide.
Report of the Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development 2024
This report finds that the world is facing a sustainable development crisis and that financing challenges are at the heart of the crisis and imperil the SDGs and climate action. It notes that the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in 2025 will be a last chance to correct course if we want to achieve the SDGs by the 2030 deadline. It calls for urgently closing financing gaps through an investment push for closing policy and architecture gaps to make the international financial architecture fit for purpose in a crisis-prone world and for closing credibility gaps translating rhetoric into action to rebuild trust in multilateralism.
Recommendation K Metrological Assurance of Conformity Assessment and Testing
Metrology ensures the uniformity of measurements and their metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI). It allows manufacturers to produce products more accurately more quickly and to a higher standard. It is the key cornerstone to international standardization and the quality infrastructure in general which contributes to the facilitation of trade. This recommendation and its guidelines establish the basis of metrological assurance of conformity assessment and testing and its optimum use in international exchanges. It further provides guidance for economies that have not yet implemented a robust national metrology system.
Lignes directrices pour la collecte de données sur les mesures non tarifaires officielles: Édition de 2023
Au cours des dernières décennies les négociations commerciales multilatérales et régionales et la libéralisation unilatérale ont permis de réduire fortement les taux de droits de douane. Les mesures non tarifaires (MNT) constituent à l’opposé un défi croissant pour les exportateurs et les décideurs. La possibilité d’obtenir l’accès à un marché et d’en tirer profit est toujours plus conditionnée par le respect de mesures réglementaires liées au commerce telles que les exigences sanitaires et les normes relatives aux marchandises. La Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement (CNUCED) a pris une part active aux recherches et aux activités consacrées aux questions liées aux mesures non tarifaires.
المبادئ التوجيهية لجمع البيانات بشأن التدابير الرسمية غير الجمركية: طبعة 2023
In recent decades multilateral and regional trade negotiations and unilateral liberalization have substantially reduced tariff rates. Non-tariff measures (NTMs) however represent a growing challenge for exporters and policy makers. The ability to gain and to benefit from market access depends increasingly on compliance with trade regulatory measures such as sanitary requirements and goods standards. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has been actively involved in research and activities on issues related to non-tariff measures. The purpose of this publication is to provide guidelines to enable data collectors to harmonize the data collection process and to minimize uncertainty during the process of categorization and classification.
Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade 2023
Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade is a yearly publication. It is a product of the Trade Analysis Branch Division on International Trade and Commodities (DITC) UNCTAD secretariat. This publication monitors the trends of international trade in goods and services in the medium term. The series is part of a larger effort by UNCTAD to analyse trade-related issues of particular importance for developing countries.
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024
Given the urgency of the SDG Stimulus and that public debt distress is likely to remain a major macroeconomic policy challenge for Asia and the Pacific in coming years the Survey 2024 will continue to focus on fiscal and public debt challenges and policy options. After outlining the changing economic financial and development context and its medium-term fiscal implications the Survey 2024 will dive deeper into policy options that developing Asia-Pacific economies as debtors and as part of the international community can explore to boost affordable and long-term financing for essential public spending on sustainable development and reduce the associated sovereign credit risks and costs. In addition to identifying ‘what’ policy actions should be taken the Survey 2024 will also give emphasis on ‘how to’ implement the needed policy actions. Insights from approaches such as political economy behavioural science and country case studies will be used.
Руководство по сбору данных об официальных нетарифных мерах: Издание 2023 года
In recent decades multilateral and regional trade negotiations and unilateral liberalization have substantially reduced tariff rates. Non-tariff measures (NTMs) however represent a growing challenge for exporters and policy makers. The ability to gain and to benefit from market access depends increasingly on compliance with trade regulatory measures such as sanitary requirements and goods standards. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has been actively involved in research and activities on issues related to non-tariff measures. The purpose of this publication is to provide guidelines to enable data collectors to harmonize the data collection process and to minimize uncertainty during the process of categorization and classification.
Recommendation No. 48: Private Sector Participation in National Trade Facilitation Bodies
Over the past decades governments donors and international organizations have invested in establishing national trade facilitation bodies (NTFBs) which currently exist in many countries around the world. According to the 2023 edition of the United Nations Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation Survey 148 out of 163 respondent economies have established or partially established NTFBs. In the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) region 31 out of 48 participating countries have established NTFBs with an additional 9 countries having partially established them.
Summary of UNECE Trade Facilitation Recommendations
Trade is playing a key role in advancing the digital and green transformations. At the same time the digital and green transformations are changing the way how goods and services are traded internationally. The United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) under the umbrella of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) supports this global agenda through tools and guidance on effective and transparent solutions for trade facilitation and e-business. To date UN/CEFACT and UNECE developed a series of nearly 50 policy recommendations and over 950 data exchange standards. These are used globally to simplify standardize and harmonize trade procedures and information flows. This 2023 edition of the Summary of UNECE Trade Facilitation Recommendations provides an update on the status and availability of policy recommendations adopted by the UN/CEFACT Plenary since the previous 2019 edition. The latest UNECE Recommendations contribute to mitigating the impact of pandemics and crises on trade flows; addressing disruptions in global supply chains; enhancing the traceability transparency and sustainability of value chains; and enhancing public-private collaborations to advance trade facilitation efforts among others.
Рекомендации по Перевозке Опасных Грузов
These Recommendations (Volumes I & II) have been developed by the United Nations Economic and Social Council’s Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in light of technical progress the advent of new substances and materials the exigencies of modern transport systems and above all the requirement to ensure the safety of people property and the environment. They are addressed to governments and international organizations concerned with the regulation of the transport of dangerous goods. They do not apply to the bulk transport of dangerous goods in sea-going or inland navigation bulk carriers or tank-vessels which is subject to special international or national regulations.
Rapport sur le développement économique en Afrique 2023
Le rapport examine les nouvelles technologies et les tendances de fabrication que les pays africains doivent adopter pour permettre une production locale viable des marchés intérieurs attractifs pour les entreprises étrangères (y compris la délocalisation de la production sur le continent) et des pratiques innovantes en matière de chaîne d'approvisionnement. Le rapport recommande les principales options politiques les meilleures pratiques et les orientations stratégiques nécessaires pour aider les décideurs et les décideurs politiques africains à tirer parti du potentiel des marchés et des entreprises nationaux et régionaux africains pour favoriser les chaînes d'approvisionnement nationales et créer un marché de fournisseurs fiable et fiable pour l'approvisionnement mondial. et contribuer ainsi à accroître la contribution de l'Afrique au commerce et à la croissance mondiaux.
The State of Sustainable Markets 2023
The International Trade Centre has teamed up once again with the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture and the International Institute for Sustainable Development to provide data about 14 major sustainability standards for bananas cocoa coffee cotton oil palm soybeans sugarcane tea and forestry products. This year’s report adds data from 2021 and finds that slow growth resumed after a dip in 2020. The publication helps shape decisions of policymakers producers and businesses working to address systemic labour and environmental challenges through certified sustainable production.
Study on Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade: Assessment ofTrade Facilitation Framework - Republic of Moldova
This Study provides an overview of the current state of play with respect to the implementation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) remaining commitments and other barriers. It describes capacity-building needs and presents recommendations for the way forward. It also provides a detailed overview of existing UNECE tools which can support further reforms. The Study also reviews additional trade facilitation measures identified during the preparation of the 2023 edition of the UN Global Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation Survey.
Perdagangan dan kewirausahaan di Indonesia dari perspektif gender dan pembangunan
This study which focuses on trade and gender linkages and their impact on women’s entrepreneurship in Indonesia forms part of UNCTAD’s teaching material on trade and gender. The aim of this capacity-building initiative is to promote the capacity of policymakers civil society organizations academics and other stakeholders to examine the interaction between trade and gender and develop gender-responsive policies. Section 2 of the report gives an overview of socioeconomic and gender profiles and section 3 presents the trade structure of Indonesia. Section 4 examines the impact of Indonesia’s trade flows and trade policy on women’s economic empowerment and entrepreneurship with a focus on selected case studies from each broad economic sector namely the oil palm sector from agriculture the wearing apparel and furniture sectors from industry and the tourism wellness creative economy and banking sectors from services. These sectors are either major exporters or key sectors of the domestic economy in which women are concentrated and they are all priority sectors for the government. Section 4 also discusses women entrepreneurs in e-commerce as an emerging area of interest for trade and female entrepreneurship. Section 5 delves into trade policy. It analyses the gender and trade nexus in Indonesia international good practices and country examples of economies similar to Indonesia. On that basis the section proposes a roadmap to use trade and related policies to support women’s economic empowerment and entrepreneurship. Section 6 summarizes the main findings of the report and presents a policy implementation framework.
Forest Products Annual Market Review 2022-2023
The Forest Products Annual Market Review 2022-2023 provides a comprehensive analysis of markets in the UNECE region and reports on the main market influences beyond the region. It covers products from the forest to the end user and from roundwood and primary processed products to value-added housing and wood energy. Statistics-based chapters analyse the markets sawn hardwood and wood-based panels. Underlying the analysis is a comprehensive collection of data. The Review highlights the role of sustainable forest products in international markets discusses policies concerning forests and forest products assesses the main trends and drivers and analyses the effects of the current economic situation on forest product markets.
Promoting International Investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
This report examines through empirical research and policy analysis the internationalization process of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) shedding light on the key factors challenges and strategies essential for harnessing the global potential of these dynamic enterprises. The objective of this report is to offer a practical guide to policymakers for the promotion and facilitation of SMEs inward and outward investment. It aims to identify ways and means both to attract FDI by (foreign) SMEs and to support the internationalization of (domestic) SMEs to maximize their development benefits. The report presents new insights and real-world examples of SMEs that have successfully navigated international markets emphasizing the lessons learned and best practices and illustrating the impact of supportive government policies and initiatives on SMEs' global ventures.