Methodology

The analysis focuses on differences among group means, over time, in three key areas of socioeconomic development: education (measured by secondary education completion), decent work (measured by a proportion of respondents in the labour force who are in full-time employment) and income (measured by annualized, real household income). These three indicators are selected because they have been extensively used in literature to measure empowerment in its various forms, but also because they reflect achievements in three of the six Sustainable Development Goals under review by the High-Level Political Forum in 2019 (Goal 4, Goal 8, Goal 10).

Sustainable Development Goals:

Quality Education

Decent Work and Economic Growth

Reduced Inequalities