1945

Methods of financing energy projects

Total capital costs throughout the energy value chain are substantial. Oil and gas investments alone will require nearly US$ 9.6 trillion through 2030, with exploration and production activities taking up over half of this amount. The total assets held by the world’s five largest IOCs (ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, ConocoPhillips, and Chevron) in 2006 were just over US$ 734 billion. This is equivalent to about eight per cent of total oil and gas capital requirements through 2030, demonstrating the magnitude of the investment needs. The specific breakdown of investment by stage of the value chain is shown in figure 7.

Sustainable Development Goals:
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