Nigeria
Нигерия: к мечте, любой ценой
Молодые нигерийцы составляют значительную долю мигрантов пытающихся приехать в Европу из южных стран. Почему они решают покинуть родные земли? Знают ли они обо всех опасностях которые могут поджидать их на пути? Найти ответы на эти вопросы я попытался в своем исследовании опубликованном в 2019 году под заголовком «Нелегальная миграция как стратегия выживания: опыт молодежи из городов Нигерии» (англ. Irregular Migration as Survival Strategy: Narratives from Youth in Urban Nigeria).
En Nigeria, el sueño a cualquier precio
Los jóvenes nigerianos componen uno de los grupos de población más numerosos de quienes emigran a Europa desde los países del Sur. ¿Por qué deciden abandonar su país? ¿Son conscientes de los peligros a los que se exponen durante el trayecto? Ese precisamente era el objetivo del estudio que publiqué en 2019 con el título de Irregular Migration as Survival Strategy: Narratives from Youth in Urban Nigeria [La migración irregular como estrategia de supervivencia: Relatos de jóvenes de zonas urbanas de Nigeria].
في نيجيريا،الحُلم بأيّ ثمن
يشكل الشباب النيج ري العدد الأكبر من بين ي المهاجرين الذين يسافرون من بلدان الجنوب إلى أوروبا. فلماذا يقرّر هؤلاء الشباب مغادرة بلادهم؟ هل هم على دراية بالمخاطر المحتملة التي قد يتعرضون لها أثناء رحلتهم؟ ذلك هو موضوع الدّراسة التي أنجزتُها تحت عنوان «الهجرة غ ر النظامية كاستراتيجية للبقاء: ي روايات عن الشباب في الأوساط الحضرية بنيج ريا »، والمنشورة سنة 2019 .
Au Nigeria, le rêve à n’importe quel prix
Les jeunes Nigérians constituent l’une des populations les plus importantes de migrants voyageant des pays du Sud vers l’Europe. Pourquoi décident-ils de quitter leur pays ? Sont-ils conscients des dangers potentiels auxquels ils s’exposent pendant leur trajet ? Tel était l’objet de mon étude intitulée « Irregular Migration as Survival Strategy: Narratives from Youth in Urban Nigeria » publiée en 2019.
Nigerian migrants: Pursuing the dream at any cost
Nigerian youth constitute one of the largest populations among migrants travelling from countries of the Global South to Europe. Why are these young people deciding to leave their country? Are they aware of the dangers they may encounter en route? These questions formed the basis for my study Irregular Migration as Survival Strategy: Narratives from Youth in Urban Nigeria published in 2019.
Clean energy: Game-changer for Nigeria?
Nigeria is the biggest and most attractive off-grid opportunity in Africa and one of the best locations in the world for minigrids and solar home systems. The International Trade Forum talked with Prof. Temilade Sesan about small businesses women in agriculture and the role multilateral institutions can play in promoting clean energy across the country.
Uranium mineralization in the Nigerian Basement and sedimentary basins: Case study of North-Eastern Nigeria—Application of UNFC as a standard for sustainable energy in Nigeria
The exploration efforts related to uranium ore in Nigeria date back to the end of World War II in 1945. In an attempt to deploy its nuclear sovereignty all the major powers competed in a search for uranium ore to provide sources of raw materials for generating energy. The Nigerian territory being part of the British Empire became a hive of exploration activities for western nations. According to Ogedengbe (1984) the first documented record of uranium exploration was by Beer (1952). The British Geological Survey Atomic Energy Division published a classified report of uranium mineralization in Nigeria.
Access to treatment in drop-in centres by female drug users in southern Nigeria
Epidemiological studies suggest that the gender gap in substance use disorders is closing. Some studies have shown that women seem to be less likely than men to seek help or to be diagnosed with substance use problems. In Nigeria little is known about female drug users and there are no studies programmes or forums specifically targeting women who use drugs. The present study is aimed at identifying the problems of female drug users in the five drop-in centres sponsored by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in southern Nigeria (in Akwa Ibom Enugu and Lagos States). A mixed method design was used in the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. Forty-nine female drug users were selected from Akwa Ibom State 34 from Enugu State and 79 from Lagos State. A questionnaire for drug users on gender and access to treatment in drop-in centres in Nigeria was prepared and used to gather quantitative data while focus group discussions were held in the drop-in centres with male and female participants to collect qualitative data. Results from the national survey showed that 38.3 per cent of the respondents wished to get help for their drug problems but were unable to. Some of the reasons were fear (16.1 per cent) affordability (17.1 per cent) lack of information (19.4 per cent) stigmatization (29 per cent) and unavailability of treatment services (19.4 per cent). In addition 25.3 per cent of the women were not sure about the ease of access to treatment. This result also correlated with the qualitative study where the major reasons cited for not undergoing treatment were fear stigmatization and lack of awareness. Participants also cited love and care unconditional positive regard and acceptance women-only care services incentives and awareness as motivators for undergoing treatment.
Alternative treatment and therapies for drug addiction in Nigeria
Alternative treatment refers to health-care interventions developed and guided by ethnocultural and/or religious beliefs and principles. The World Health Organization estimates that in Nigeria as in other developing countries up to 80 per cent of the population uses alternative treatment methods to meet their health-care needs [1]. Alternative treatment services are generally acceptable accessible and affordable especially in comparison with western and orthodox medical services [2]. While anecdotal evidence abounds regarding the nature effects and outcomes of alternative treatment programmes there exists a dearth of empirical evidence about existing alternative treatment practices (both orthodox and unorthodox) that would form the basis for engagement with alternative treatment providers. The objective of the present study was to assess alternative substance use disorder treatment services that exist and to examine principles methods and practices used in the treatment of patients suffering from substance use disorders. The study employed cross-sectional qualitative methods to evaluate 27 alternative addiction treatment centres selected specifically in northern and southern Nigeria. Most of the centres (82 per cent) described their treatment approach as being based on a combination of traditional cultural and religious concepts. The average number of staff members was 10 but varied widely with some centres run by the proprietor alone while others had up to 25 staff members. The patient capacity of the centres also varied widely from small centres with capacity for four patients to centres with capacity for 350 patients. The centres also varied considerably in the maximum duration of time that patients spent in their care from two weeks to up to four years. The majority of the centres believed that in general addiction resulted from spiritual causes and often involved demonic (or malignant) spirit forces and their practices were developed in response to that belief. A notable finding of the present study in all the centres visited was the absence of documentation regarding treatment service processes. None of the centres created or stored written records of treatment and assessment protocols or updated treatment plans created with the involvement of the patients. Our findings support an urgent need for engagement with alternative treatment providers in the short term to establish a documentation system that would serve for improved patient services at the centres and provide critical data for a process and outcome evaluation of their practices. Such a documentation system is also important for further studies into alternative treatment services available for women in northern Nigeria in particular in the areas that we visited.
Prevalence of non-medical use of opioids among market women in Ibadan, Nigeria
Empirical studies indicate that one in every four drug users in Nigeria is a woman. Increasing economic burden has necessitated women working outside the home in low-income petty trading. Anecdotal observations reveal that market women who own stalls and peddle their wares at local markets are a group vulnerable to the non-medical use of opioids. The aim of the study was to examine the lived experience of market women including with regard to knowledge drug use and misuse and social networking related to the non-medical use of prescription opioids in Ibadan a large city in Nigeria. A total of 181 purposively sampled women took part in the study. Qualitative and quantitative methods by means of focus group discussions and structured self-administered questionnaires respectively were employed to collect data. Findings indicate that there is general knowledge about pharmaceutical and local opioids among market women. However the type of trade was a factor in knowledge of and experience with specific types of opioids. In particular liquor sellers were more conversant with the different types of opioids such as tramadol and codeine than women trading in other goods. A large number of participants admitted to using tramadol but use was mostly restricted to the relief of body pain and ache arising from the stress of their trade.
Prevalence and pattern of substance use among internally displaced persons in north-central Nigeria
Populations displaced by conflicts experience many negative and stressful events that increase the risk of substance use as they try to cope with these experiences. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of substance use among internally displaced persons. A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out among 847 participants aged 18 years and older. It was conducted in six local governments two each in the Plateau Nasarawa and Benue States of north-central Nigeria. The national drug survey questionnaire used by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria in 2016 was adopted for use in the collection of data. A total of 25.4 per cent of the participants reported that they had used a substance. Among those participants 17.5 per cent had used alcohol 8.1 per cent had used tobacco 4.8 per cent had used opioids and less than 1 per cent had used cannabis tranquillizers amphetamines hallucinogens or solvents. Substance use disorder was found in 4.5 per cent of the participants with alcohol use accounting for 36.8 per cent of the disorders tobacco use for 33 per cent tramadol use for 10.5 per cent and cannabis use for 5 per cent. Because substance use among internally displaced persons in north-central Nigeria is an emerging issue of significance to public health substance use prevention programmes need to be integrated into services provided to internally displaced persons in order to help curb this growing problem.
Adjudicatory control of narcotic and psychotropic drugs in Nigeria
As a party to the three major treaties on drugs Nigeria is obliged to control the manufacture use distribution and possession of drugs. Drug control efforts in Nigeria rely heavily on interdiction arrest and the criminal justice system. Adjudicatory control is one of the main mechanisms utilized in the criminal justice approach to drug control. Adjudicatory control is administered by the judiciary at the federal level with the Federal High Court of Nigeria as the first and primary forum for dealing with drug cases. The Court controls drugs by establishing whether substances are considered to be narcotic or psychotropic under existing laws. Furthermore it processes alleged offenders through a schematized mechanism of arraignment trial verdict and sentencing. In this context the present article reviews 2506 court cases to analyse the function of the Court as an institution of drug control. The analysis shows among other things that there is a wide disparity in the length of adjudicatory processes and sentences imposed for similar offences. Moreover the possession and use of otherwise licit painkillers are being prosecuted under provisions enacted to control narcotic and psychotropic substances. This raises uncertainties in drug control efforts in particular as the drugs that are expressly prohibited are not classified at all not even according to their degree of harm to society. The result is a wide latitude of discretion afforded to executive and judicial officers in dealing with drug cases. Judicially such latitude results in a disproportionate focus on possession of small quantities of narcotics in contrast to larger quantities.
No. 51340. South Africa and Nigeria
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on co-operation in the field of women development and empowerment and child development. Cape Town 7 May 2013
No. 51337. South Africa and Nigeria
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on co-operation in the field of the environment. Cape Town 7 May 2013
No. 51341. South Africa and Nigeria
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on the waiver of visa requirements for categories of citizens holding diplomatic or official passports (with addendum). Cape Town 7 May 2013