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- Volume 23, Issue 1, 2009
Asia-Pacific Population Journal - Volume 23, Issue 1, 2009
Volume 23, Issue 1, 2009
Issued three times a year, the Asia-Pacific Population Journal is an invaluable resource containing opinions and analysis by experts on important issues related to population. It provides a medium for the international exchange of knowledge, experience, ideas, technical information and data on all aspects of population.
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HIV/AIDS prevention among young people in east and south-east Asia in the context of reproductive and sexual health
Author: Peter F. ChenAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), every day 5,000 young people aged 15-25 years become infected with HIV, which translates into almost 2 million new infections per year. HIV transmission generally occurs through sex, the exchange of needles; to a lesser extent, it is transmitted from an HIV infected mother to her newborn child. While most countries in the region have national HIV prevalence rates of less than one per cent, vulnerable populations, especially youths, are much more prone to HIV infection owing to lack of correct health information, indulgence in risky behaviours, poverty and gender discrimination coupled with lack of access to adequate reproductive health services.
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Antenatal care service availability and utilization in rural viet nam
Author: Mai DoStudies of determinants of reproductive health service utilization-maternal health services in particular-in developing countries have traditionally focused on individual-level factors. More recently, policymakers, programme managers and researchers have become interested in the influence of the quality of health-care services on service utilization. The availability of survey data that include information on individuals as well as the community and service environment allows researchers to examine the impact that of community-level factors, including the availability of and accessibility to service providers, have on utilization.
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Maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh: Lessons learned from gonoshasthaya Kendra programme villages
Authors: Rafiqul Huda Chaudhury and Zafrullah ChowdhuryBangladesh has made significant strides towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); however, the scorecard on maternal health falls short of expectations. According to the MDG target, Bangladesh is expected to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from around 574 maternal deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth-related complications per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 143 by 2015. Despite some progress, only 44 per cent of this target was achieved by 2000. An additional 56 per cent reduction has to be achieved to meet the MDG target in less than a decade. MMR was estimated to be around 320 per 100,000 live births during 1998-2000 (NIPORT and Johns Hopkins University, 2003). An estimated 14,000 Bangladeshi women die from pregnancy and childbirth-related complications per year (UNFPA, 2006).
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Urban migration and urbanization in Nepal
Author: Indra P. TiwariThe historic role played by cities and towns as centres of population concentration with occupations other than primary activities and as hubs for commerce and business, innovation and diffusion of ideas and technologies, and decision-making clearly demonstrates that urbanization is synonymous to development. This perception has prevailed not only among urban dwellers, but also among rural inhabitants as well as development agents (planners and decision makers). A high correlation between urbanization and economic development, measured in terms of per capita gross national product (GNP) further indicates that urbanization leads to development, particularly until a country reaches a mature stage of development. Thus, a certain level of urbanization is desirable for the overall development of a country.
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The Japanese elderly as a social safety net
Author: Naohiro OgawaIn the post-Second World War period, Japan’s fertility decline was not only the earliest to occur but also the greatest in magnitude among all industrialized nations. From 1947 to 1957, the total fertility rate (TFR) declined by more than 50 per cent from 4.54 to 2.04 children per woman. This 50 per cent reduction of fertility over a 10-year period is a first in human history. In the 1960s, there were only minor fluctuations around the replacement level of fertility (2.1), but subsequent to the oil crisis of 1973, the TFR started to fall again, reaching 1.32 in 2006. These demographic developments have been causing a great amount of concern in various spheres of contemporary Japanese society. For example, rapid population ageing has already imposed serious financial pressures on the social security system, and these pressures are expected to increase further in the coming years. The Government of Japan has been increasingly concerned about this problem in recent years and has tried to shift some of the costs of the social security system back onto families.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 32
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Volume 31
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Volume 30
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Volume 28
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Volume 26
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Volume 29
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Volume 27
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Volume 25
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Volume 24
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Volume 23
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Volume 22
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Volume 21
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Volume 20
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Volume 19
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Volume 18
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Volume 17
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Volume 16
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Volume 15
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Volume 14
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Volume 13
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Volume 12
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Volume 11
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Volume 10
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Volume 9
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Volume 8
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Volume 7
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Volume 6
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Volume 5
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Volume 4
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Volume 3
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Volume 2
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Volume 1