Thailand
Learning by doing: central bank digital currency in Thailand
Central bank digital currency (CBDC) has gained much attention among central banks as it could potentially improve efficiency inclusion and innovation in the financial system. The present paper contains a review of the CBDC journey of the Bank of Thailand (BOT) from the guiding principles to test results of the CBDC prototypes and challenges going forward. It provides insights with regard to the introduction of CBDC into the economy as well as how a public institution such as a central bank can go about exploring cutting-edge technologies for use in public policy.
Voluntary Peer Review of Consumer Protection Law and Policy - Thailand
General Assembly resolution 70/186 mandates the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection Law and Policy to conduct voluntary peer reviews on consumer protection law and policy. The purpose of voluntary peer reviews in this field is to provide an external and independent assessment of the effectiveness of consumer protection law and policy in a given country; to identify the challenges to be addressed and areas to be improved in the legal and institutional frameworks thereby contributing to enhancing quality efficiency and consumer protection regimes; to assess the consumer protection awareness of relevant stakeholders and their contributions in this area; to formulate and recommend appropriate measures designed in consideration of the economic and developmental particularities of each country to address these challenges; and where appropriate to assist countries in implementing the recommendations by developing a capacity-building project in consultation with the country concerned. The present publication serves as basis for the Voluntary Peer Review on Consumer Protection Law and Policy of Thailand.
Household consumption expenditure in Thailand during the first COVID-19 lockdown
The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly challenging to developing countries such as Thailand. Although the country has managed to control the outbreak relatively well changes in the consumer spending behaviour could affect the whole economy. In this study household consumption expenditure in Thailand during the first COVID-19 lockdown is examined by using descriptive and empirical analyses. The findings of this study indicate that total consumption declined drastically during the first two quarters of 2020. Consumer spending on services dropped significantly during that time but spending on non-durable goods durable goods and housing-related expenses increased. These expenditure patterns are similar to those in developed countries in which consumers increased their spending on at-home activities but reduced their expenditures outside the home.
The new Asian Active Ageing Index: A case study of gender differences between two ASEAN member countries, Indonesia and Thailand
The speed of population ageing is among the fastest in ASEAN countries. For policy learning this trend requires a high-quality independent comparative evidence base. The demographic change has strong implications for sustainable development especially in the view of the commitment to leave no one behind made in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The new Asian Active Ageing Index which is presented in this paper quantifies the extent to which older people have been able to and can realize their socioeconomic potential. Using the two most populous member States of ASEAN as examples Indonesia and Thailand the Index is sensitized to the Asia-Pacific cultural norms such as the role of older persons in the society and the informal nature of contributions of older persons to their families and communities.
No. 51186. United States of America and Thailand
Exchange of notes constituting an agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand regarding the surrender of persons to the International Criminal Court. Bangkok 3 June 2003
No. 51049. United States of America and Thailand
Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand concerning the transfer of equipment and munitions from United States War Reserve Stocks to the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand (with appendices and understanding). Bangkok 26 November 2002
No. 43676. United States of America and Thailand
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND RELATING TO A WAR RESERVE STOCKPILE PROGRAM IN THAILAND. BANGKOK 9 JANUARY 1987 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2420 I-43676.]
Strengthening coherence and synergies of international investment agreements with national legal investment frameworks for sustainable development: Case studies of Thailand and Viet Nam
As laid out in the introduction of this volume FDI is a key source of capital technology and access to markets for recipient countries and it has therefore become an invaluable mechanism for boosting developing countries’ economic growth and development. With the mainstreaming of the sustainable development agenda globally recipient countries have started to prioritize increasing both the quantity and quality of FDI they attract. As was discussed in chapter 2 sustainable development-oriented IIAs can be an effective tool for helping countries achieve this; but much progress still needs to be made in terms of concluding and reforming the IIA regime in Asia-Pacific to make it more sustainable-development oriented. Aside from increasing the number and extent of sustainable development provisions in their IIAs as suggested by the analysis in chapter 2 another avenue countries in the region could pursue to ensure that IIAs are broadly consistent with their individual sustainable development objectives and priorities would be to focus on improving FDI governance frameworks. To this end this chapter suggests that it is of paramount importance that efforts in this vein especially focus on improving the coherence consistency and interaction between domestic and international investment governance frameworks. This refers to both domestic investment laws and regulations as well as IIAs including BITs and TIPs.