Human Settlements and Urban Issues
Acknowledgements
How to make sense of producing a Human Development Report at a time of war? Not only of wars between and within countries but also with our planet with ourselves and with our future? These questions weighed heavily on our minds. But over time they strengthen the resolve of the team fuelled by the conviction that the recurring messages of successive Human Development Reports are more relevant than ever. They bear repeating and reaffirming because even though they may have been said many times before they seem to be pushed more and more into the background. The primacy of people as the purpose and agents of development. The crucial importance of enabling people to live free from want fear and indignity still relevant 30 years after the introduction of the concept of human security in the 1994 Human Development Report. Redressing inequalities in human development.
Foreword
We live in a tightly knit world. Yet shared interlinked global challenges such as runaway climate change are outpacing our institutions capacities to respond to them. We face “a global gridlock” exacerbated by growing polarization within our countries which translates into barriers to international cooperation.
Breaking the gridlock: A snapshot of the 2023/2024 human development report
We can do better than this. Better than runaway climate change and pandemics. Better than a spate of unconstitutional transfers of power amid a rising globalizing tide of populism. Better than cascading human rights violations and unconscionable massacres of people in their homes and civic venues in hospitals schools and shelters.
Human development suffers when interdependence is mismanaged
Divergence between the very high and the low human development index groups of countries after decades of convergence is going up. The path of improvement in the global average human development index has shifted downwards.
Global interdependence persists—but is being reshaped
People continue to live in globally interdependent societies. Despite a slowdown in economic globalization interdependence—rather than fraying—is being reconfigured by drivers that will persist well into the future.
Providing global public goods to manage interdependence
Mismanaged interdependence imposes costs or even setbacks to human development. But managing it can be enhanced by framing it as providing global public goods such as global peace and climate change mitigation as explicit goals.
Expanding agency for collective action
Enhancing human development—including agency—expands possibilities for people to act as “agents who can do effective things.” So how best to expand agency to foster collective action to address global challenges?
Breaking the gridlock to enhance collective action
Polarization divides societies into belligerent and opposing camps poisoning domestic and international cooperation.
Examining how to enhance collective action
Examining how to enhance collective action to manage interdependence can be explored through different assumptions about human behaviours interactions with institutions. Different explanations for behaviour can inform ways of advancing collective action to provide global public goods.
Human Development Report 2023/2024
Today collective action on challenges ranging from climate change mitigation to peace and security is frustratingly slow or stymied altogether. Lack of trust and polarization--both associated with insecurity--exacerbate the gridlock. Shared interlinked global challenges like the pandemic and its recovery are outpacing our willingness and our institutions capacities to respond to them.Why despite all our riches and technologies are we so stuck? How do we get unstuck? Is it possible to mobilize action to address globally shared challenges in a world that is intensively polarized? The 2023-2024 Human Development Report explores these issues and offers a platform for strategic discussion on how to move beyond narrow zero-sum thinking and support cooperation even as we have diverging interests and views. The e-book for this publication has been converted into an accessible format for the visually impaired and people with print reading disabilities. It is fully compatible with leading screen-reader technologies such as JAWS and NVDA.
Introduction
Covering a total area of 61.2 km2 the Republic of San Marino is the third smallest microstate in Europe after the Holy See and the Principality of Monaco and the oldest republic in the world. It boasts a high standard of living and is focused on harnessing the full potential of information and communications technology (ICT) to further improve the quality of life of its inhabitants following an environment-driven development agenda. This Country Profile is meant to help the Republic of San Marino realize this vision.
Socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic dealt a heavy blow to the Sammarinese economy which had to labour under the weight of the nationwide lockdown and other health protection measures imposed according to WHO guidelines. The health protection measures in partner countries of the Republic of San Marino aggravated the economic effects of the pandemic. With the high degree of global interdependence these measures disrupting supply chains and tourism set in motion adverse dynamics with negative ripple effects on livelihoods.
Executive summary
The Republic of San Marino the third smallest microstate in Europe is a high-income country that has been pursuing an environment-driven approach to development consistent with its cultural heritage and ambitions to become the “Garden of Europe”. It has registered impressive progress in implementing the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development capitalizing on its strategic relations with Italy its neighbouring country and the European Union.
Preface
The Country Profile on Urban Development Housing and Land Management of the Republic of San Marino was developed at the request of the Government within the context of the technical assistance project “Strengthening capacity for the implementation of urban-related SDGs in San Marino through the development of the Country Profile on Smart Sustainable Urban Development Housing and Land Management”. The project was funded by the Ministry of Territory the Environment Agriculture and Civil Protection of the Republic of San Marino. It aims to enhance the capacity of national and local authorities to develop and implement sustainable inclusive and evidence-based urban policies and programmes.