- الصفحة الرئيسية
- بلدان
- أفغانستان
أفغانستان
Substituting expats with locals: TNCs and the indigenization policies of Saudi Arabia
Owing to rising unemployment among Saudi nationals the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has instituted Saudization a localization policy that strives to induce the employment of more Saudi nationals in the private sector. A major gap in the literature is the lack of empirical investigation regarding the relationships between indigenization and the underlying principles of its process. This study seeks to fill this gap. The study assesses the success or otherwise of the Saudization initiative empirically and uncovers several features. It finds that TNCs that experience the external pressures to localize their workforce and those that wish to enhance their social legitimacy are more likely to comply with Saudization. Furthermore TNCs do not believe that the process of localization provides them with economic gains. Legal coercion to adhere to the Saudization initiative turns out to be a highly significant instrument in making TNCs adhere to the localization process. The study also finds that neither age nor the size of the firm have an impact on the Saudization programme. Implications for theory and practice are drawn out.
Message. HH Prince Bader bin Abdullah bin Farhan Al Saud, Minister of Culture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is a land of ancient civilizations diverse heritage and abundant archaeological resources. As part of our efforts to advance international cooperation in cultural heritage we are proud that the Ministry of Culture represented by the National Commission for Education Culture and Science - is hosting the 45th Extended Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. We remain focused on protecting heritage which has a transformative impact on nations societies and their own cultures. The Session will enable us to engage in a dialogue with our partners around the world as well as introduce our cultural heritage to new audiences.
Portfolio. Adorned by the sun World Heritage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Interview. Dr. Jasir Suliman Alherbish, CEO of the Heritage Commission of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Dr Jasir Suliman Alherbish is the CEO of the Heritage Commission one of eleven sector commissions of the Ministry of Culture of Saudi Arabia. The Heritage Commission develops documents and preserves the Kingdom’s heritage sites and advances research activities related to national heritage.
Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2020: Appeal relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council under Article 84 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates v. Qatar)
Judgment of 14 July 2020
Appeal brought by the Kingdom of Bahrain the Arab Republic of Egypt the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on 4 July 2018 from the Decision of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization dated 29 June 2018.
Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council Under Article 84 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates v. Qatar)
Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents
This case was entered on the Court’s General List on 4 July 2018 under number 173 and was the subject of a judgment delivered on 14 July 2020. The documents relating to the case include the Application Instituting Proceedings the Written Proceedings and the Verbatim Records of the Public Hearings.
No. 32585. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency and Saudi Arabia
Letter Agreement on legal protection for guaranteed foreign investments. Signed at Riyadh and at Jeddah on 8 July 1995
No. 22412. Convention between the Government of the French Republic and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and succession duties. Signed at Paris on 18 February 1982
AMENDMENT TO THE ABOVE-MENTIONED CONVENTION. SIGNED AT RIYADH ON 2 OCTOBER 1991
Saudi Arabia
The Central Department of Statistics and Information of the Ministry of Economy and Planning in Riyadh is the authority responsible for preparing the national accounts statistics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia
General Authority for Statistics is the authority responsible for preparing the national accounts statistics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Authority officially publishes national accounts data in a yearly bulletin entitled "National accounts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". The accounts are compiled on the basis of the detailed results of the various statistical studies carried out periodically by the Authority primarily the annual economic studies and social studies as well as the data of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency the State’s final accounts data provided by the Ministry of Finance and other economic indicators.
Saudi Arabia
No. 26352. Netherlands and Saudi Arabia
Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement. Signed at Riyadh on 13 May 1984
No. 20330. Federal Republic of Germany and Saudi Arabia
AGREEMENT ON LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF GUARANTEED PRIVATE INVESTMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA. BONN 2 FEBRUARY 1979
No. 17898. Kuwait, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates
Kuwait regional convention for co-operation on the protection of the marine environment from pollution. Kuwait 24 April 1978
No. 35961. Saudi Arabia and Germany
Agreement between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the encouragement and reciprocal protection of investments (with protocol). Riyadh 29 October 1996
No. 34279. Philippines and Saudi Arabia
Agreement on economic trade investment and technical cooperation. Signed at Jeddah on 17 October 1994
No. 47141 Argentina and Saudi Arabia
No. 51496. Argentina and Saudi Arabia
Cooperation Agreement Between the Government of the Argentine Republic and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy. Riyadh 28 June 2011
No. 45310 Hong Kong special administrative region (under authorization by the Government of China) and Saudi Arabia
No. 46459 United Nations Industrial Development Organization and Saudi Arabia
No. 45740 Switzerland and Saudi Arabia
No. 45736 Turkey and Saudi Arabia
No. 46213 Turkey and Saudi Arabia
No. 46196 South Africa and Saudi Arabia
No. 46789 Germany and Saudi Arabia
No. 30249 Saudi Arabia and Qatar
No. 46078 International Atomic Energy Agency and Saudi Arabia
No. 45687 Poland and Saudi Arabia
No. 46699 Turkey and Saudi Arabia
No. 40792. Netherlands and Saudi Arabia
Agreement between the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for reciprocal exemption of taxes levied on income and profits of air transport enterprises from the exercise of air transport in international traffic and their employees. Riyadh 16 January 1991
No. 40796. Netherlands and Saudi Arabia
Exchange of letters constituting an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding the Workshop on the Use of Space Technology for Disaster Management for Western Asia organized in cooperation with and hosted by the Government of Saudi Arabia to be held in Riyadh from 2 to 6 October 2004. Vienna 27 and 30 September 2004
No. 49768. Republic of Korea and Saudi Arabia
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Korea and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia concerning the reciprocal encouragement and protection of investments. Seoul 4 April 2002
No. 3907. Saudi Arabia, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED NATIONS THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA CONCERNING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. JEDDAH 17 FEBRUARY 1957 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 271 I-3907.]
No. 50886. United States of America and Saudi Arabia
Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for reciprocal exemption of taxes on income from the international operation of a ship or ships or aircraft. Riyadh 11 December 1999
No. 50946. Ireland and Saudi Arabia
Convention between Ireland and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion with respect to taxes on income (with protocol). Riyadh 19 October 2011