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World Population Ageing 2020: Highlights
Living Arrangements of Older Persons
Drawing on the Household Living Arrangements of Older Persons 2019 Dataset the World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights will document key patterns and trends of the household living arrangements of older persons around the world. These levels or trends will be described using indicators such as the average number of persons per household the distribution of older persons by household type by type of living arrangement and select characteristics of heads of household. The report will also address the impact of living arrangements of older persons on their vulnerability to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. It will conclude with a brief discussion of global and regional trends in policies on population ageing based on the most recently available data from the United Nations Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development (2019).
Rapport sur la Gouvernance en Afrique V - 2018
La gouvernance des ressources naturelles et la mobilisation des recettes publiques pour la transformation structurelle
L’Afrique est dotée d’une profusion de ressources naturelles diverses comme des sols et de l’eau pour l’agriculture des forêts pour la production de bois et de produits forestiers non ligneux ainsi que des ressources minérales du pétrole et du gaz. L’exploitation directe de ces ressources domine l’activité économique du continent mais les avantages ne vont malheureusement qu’à quelques privilégiés. La stratégie la plus répandue consistant à exporter des produits de base sous une forme brute sans création de valeur ajoutée a donné des résultats décevants qu’on voit dans une croissance économique ni viable ni solidaire des améliorations mineures du bien-être de la population ou de faibles niveaux de diversification et de transformation des économies. Ce résultat médiocre sur le plan du développement est le signe des problèmes qui perdurent dans la gouvernance des ressources naturelles. La cinquième édition du Rapport sur la gouvernance en Afrique intitulée « La gouvernance des ressources naturelles et la mobilisation des recettes publiques pour la transformation structurelle » s’appuie sur les thèmes et recommandations des précédentes éditions. Elle examine les efforts visant à améliorer la gouvernance des abondantes ressources naturelles de l’Afrique en mettant l’accent sur la nécessité de renforcer les institutions et les cadres de gouvernance pour l’amélioration de la mobilisation des recettes intérieures la promotion de la diversification économique et à terme la transformation structurelle. Le rapport utilise une combinaison de sources de données primaires et secondaires notamment des preuves empiriques tirées de huit études de cas de pays répartis sur tout le continent (Botswana Cameroun Côte d’Ivoire Égypte Madagascar Nigéria Ouganda et République-Unie de Tanzanie). Il aborde quatre grandes questions : i) l’incapacité des pays africains riches en ressources à transformer leur économie ; ii) les institutions chargées d’améliorer l’impact des ressources naturelles africaines sur le développement ; iii) la planification du développement et les résultats des politiques africaines ; et iv) l’augmentation des recettes intérieures en Afrique. Le rapport présente un certain nombre de messages clés et de recommandations de politiques destinés à contribuer aux efforts en cours visant à renforcer le secteur des ressources naturelles en tant que partie prenante et catalyseur du développement sur le continent.
UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2022
The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics was first launched in 1967. Over the past 50 years the handbook has evolved to incorporate new statistics and ensure that readers have access to the best possible information available. The 2021 edition of the Handbook continues in this tradition of excellence and innovation. As in previous years this edition showcases 'nowcasted' estimates for total merchandised trade total services trade and GDP. This publication provides a wide range of statistics and indicators relevant to the analysis of international trade investment and development.
Harnessing the Potential of Nutraceutical Products for Export Diversification and Development in Landlocked Developing Countries
Assessment of Comparative Advantages and Binding Constraints
The present publication examines the potential opportunities and challenges facing selected LLDCs from Africa Asia and Latin America (in particular Azerbaijan Bhutan Bolivia Burkina Faso Ethiopia and Nepal) in making the best of their biodiversity and biogenetic resources where they have comparative advantages and prospects for export diversification value addition and structural transformation. In this context the study explores the potential and constraints to fully harnessing health foods and nutraceuticals to enhance export diversification and improve socioeconomic conditions. It also analyses product and sector-specific challenges and opportunities and proposes a series of country-specific policy recommendations to harness the potential of nutraceutical products for socioeconomic transformation in the selected countries.
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2022
Building Forward Fairer – Economic Policies for an Inclusive Recovery and Development
The Asia-Pacific region has been leading the global economic growth over the past few decades. However rapid economic growth without sufficient inclusiveness is now constraining the region's future economic and broader development prospects. The COVID-19 pandemic has further revealed the vulnerability of the region due to lack of inclusiveness. The Survey 2021 estimated that 89 million people could have been pushed back into extreme poverty in the region due to COVID-19 contributing to an already increasing trend in income inequality in Asia and the Pacific. Going forward concerns over a “K-shaped” economic recovery both within and across countries and the desire to ensure that the post-pandemic recovery is consistent with long-term inclusive development are broadly shared among policy makers and experts as revealed during policy dialogues organized to disseminate the messages of Survey 2021. Additionally international commitment to inclusive development as manifested in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is pushing distributional issues to the forefront of global policy agenda. With a focus on the role of economic policies in promoting inclusive development the Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2022 will analyze the importance of effective government actions and the role of fiscal monetary/financial and structural policies in enhancing inclusiveness keeping in view the considerable impacts of COVID-19 on inclusiveness and inequality.
Rapport sur les produits de base et le développment 2021
Sortir du piège de la dépendance à l’égard produits de base grâce à la technologie et à l'innovation
La dépendance aux produits de base est un piège: une fois qu'un pays dépend des produits de base il est difficile de développer un secteur productif en dehors du secteur des produits de base et d'exporter des produits non liés à ce secteur. Sur la base d'une analyse empirique ce rapport soutient que à moins d'une action forte au plus haut niveau politique dans les pays en développement tributaires des produits de base (CDDC) ils resteront pris dans ce piège pendant des siècles. La technologie et l'innovation pourraient aider les pays en développement tributaires des produits de base à diversifier leurs économies et à devenir moins dépendants du secteur des produits de base. Cela pourrait renforcer la croissance de la productivité qui a été ralentie dans ces pays. La technologie et l'innovation pourraient ouvrir la voie à une transformation économique et structurelle dans ce groupe de pays. Une analyse minutieuse de l'espace produit montre certains produits autres que les produits de base que les pays tributaires des produits de base pourraient effectivement commencer à produire de manière compétitive contribuant ainsi à diversifier leur panier d'exportation. L'analyse montre qu'il existe des technologies disponibles des troisième et quatrième révolutions industrielles ainsi que la numérisation qui pourraient aider ces pays à sortir du piège du secteur des produits de base. Produire des biens plus avancés sur le plan technologique impliquerait l'accès et l'adoption de nouvelles technologies ainsi que l'adoption de l'innovation. Pour permettre à ce groupe de pays d'échapper au piège de la dépendance aux produits de base il faut une coopération plus étroite entre eux et leurs partenaires commerciaux ainsi que leurs partenaires au développement en termes d'acquisition technologique et de domestication. Par conséquent un cadre propice à l'accessibilité de la technologie et à son transfert est nécessaire au niveau international.
Disability at a Glance 2006
A Profile of 28 Countries and Areas in Asia and the Pacific
The Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons started with the premise of promoting a paradigm shift from a welfare-based to a rights-based approach towards disability. The current publication aims to provide disability-related data and policy-related information so that readers are able to see in detail how a particular country or area defines disability and collects related statistics and implements the Biwako Millennium Framework for Action towards an Inclusive Barrier-free and Rights-based Society for Persons with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific in particular with regard to the establishment of a relevant institutional framework and policies.
MIPAA/RIS+20 UNECE
20 Years of Action Towards Creating Societies for All Ages in the UNECE Region
On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA 2002) the report provides an overview of the key developments in ageing-related policy in the UNECE region progress made over the past 20 years gaps and challenges that remain and directions for the way forward.
Economic Report on Africa 2021
Addressing Poverty and Vulnerability in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic
The report applies a poverty-vulnerability-resilience framework to examine the impact of COVID-19 on household well-being in Africa. The report emphasizes the dynamic nature of poverty since some of the poor are not poor all the time though they are often vulnerable because of exposure to a multitude of risks that can push them below the poverty line and increase chronic poverty. Reducing vulnerability to risks is critical for enhancing well-being and reducing future poverty.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021
Unmasking Disparities by Ethnicity, Caste and Gender
The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) produced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative measures poverty by considering various deprivations experienced by people in their daily lives including poor health insufficient education and a low standard of living. This report examines the level and composition of multidimensional poverty across 109 countries covering 5.9 billion people and presents an ethnicity/race/caste disaggregation for 41 countries with available information.
SME Competitiveness Outlook 2022
Connected Services, Competitive Businesses
Our services sectors are key to an economic transformation. This report calls them ‘connected services. Transport and logistics financial services information and communication technologies and business and professional services contribute directly to economic growth – with an increasing share of output trade and jobs. These sectors also contribute indirectly making other firms more competitive by connecting them to global value chains and digital innovations. For example: in regions with high quality connected services 44% of all companies' export compared with 19% of firms where the quality of connected services is lower. Connected services spur inclusive growth that is favorable for small businesses including those led by women and young people. Yet most small firms in developing countries do not access them easily. This report explores the measures that companies business support organizations and policymakers must take to help connected services flourish – to benefit all firms foster more prosperous economies and build more inclusive societies.
UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2021
The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics was first launched in 1967. Over the past 50 years the handbook has evolved to incorporate new statistics and ensure that readers have access to the best possible information available. The 2021 edition of the Handbook continues in this tradition of excellence and innovation. As in previous years this edition showcases 'nowcasted' estimates for total merchandised trade total services trade and GDP. This publication provides a wide range of statistics and indicators relevant to the analysis of international trade investment and development.
贸易法委员会 担保交易示范法 实务指南
The UNCITRAL Practice Guide to the Model Law on Secured Transactions provides practical guidance to parties involved in secured transactions in States that enact the Model Law. The Practice Guide explains key features and benefits of the Model Law illustrates the types of secured transactions that can be undertaken under the Model Law and provides step-by-step explanations of how to engage in the most common and commercially important secured transactions. The Practice Guide is for readers who wish to understand transactions governed by and in many cases made possible by the Model Law. It provides guidance to creditors and debtors on how to engage in several common types of secured transactions to others whose rights may be affected by a secured transaction and to regulated financial institutions and prudential regulatory authorities.
African Statistical Yearbook 2020
This annual publication jointly produced by the African Development Bank the African Union Commission and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa is a result of the collaboration that exists among the three pan-African organizations in the field of statistics. This synergistic collaboration has two principal benefits: (1) it minimizes the risk of inconsistent information being produced by the three organizations and (2) it reduces the reporting burden on Member States who might otherwise be obliged to submit data separately to each institution. The yearbook brings together in one volume data on African countries for policy-makers researchers and other users. This edition presents a time series showing how African countries performed on several economic and social indicators over the period 2011-2019.
التكاليف الاقتصادية للاحتلال الإسرائيلي على الشعب الفلسطيني: إفقار غزة تحت الحصار
The main objective of this study is to shed light on the critical situation in Gaza and estimate the costs of the Israeli blockade and military operations to the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip; with a particular focus on the socioeconomic conditions at the household level. The first part of the study uses two counterfactual growth paths for Gaza to give some indication on the range of the unrealized potential economic growth that could have been realized had Gaza blockade and military operations had not occurred during the period 2007-2018. The second part of the study applies quantitative methods to estimate poverty headcount and poverty gap. this allows for an assessment of the impact of the blockade and military operations on the welfare of households in Gaza. The study also contains a set of recommendations for the occupying power Palestinian policy makers the international community and development agencies on the need to end the blockade on Gaza and mitigate its heavy impact.
Практическое руководство юнситрал по типовому закону об обеспеченных сделках
The UNCITRAL Practice Guide to the Model Law on Secured Transactions provides practical guidance to parties involved in secured transactions in States that enact the Model Law. The Practice Guide explains key features and benefits of the Model Law illustrates the types of secured transactions that can be undertaken under the Model Law and provides step-by-step explanations of how to engage in the most common and commercially important secured transactions. The Practice Guide is for readers who wish to understand transactions governed by and in many cases made possible by the Model Law. It provides guidance to creditors and debtors on how to engage in several common types of secured transactions to others whose rights may be affected by a secured transaction and to regulated financial institutions and prudential regulatory authorities.
Asia's Landlocked Developing Countries
Structural Transformation, Poverty Reduction and Financing for Development
Produced in connection with the global midterm review of the Vienna Programme of Action for LLDCs 2014-2024 this publication explores structural transformation for poverty reduction in Asia’s landlocked developing countrites (LLDCs) including related policy making and financial mobilization. To accelerate structural transformation in line with achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development Asia’s LLDCs must focus on economic diversification and reduced dependency on extractive industries. These priorities require active policies to incentivize both the development of manufacturing and high-productivity services and the integration of the private sector into regional value chains. This report thus aims to address policy gaps and development challenges and to equip policy makers of Asia's LLDCs – including those least developed countries (LDCs) – with relevant sectoral knowledge and expertise.
Arab Society: A Compendium of Social Statistics - Issue No. 13
Arab Society: Demographic and Social Trends - Issue No. 14
Guía de prácticas de la CNUDMI relativa a la Ley Modelo sobre Garantías Mobiliarias
La presente Guía tiene por objeto ofrecer orientación práctica a las partes que intervienen en operaciones garantizadas en los Estados que han incorporado a su derecho interno la Ley Modelo de la CNUDMI sobre Garantías Mobiliarias (2016) (la “Ley Modelo”) y con ese fin en ella: • se explican las principales características y ventajas de la Ley Modelo1 ; • se describen los tipos de operaciones respaldadas por garantías mobiliarias que pueden celebrar los acreedores y otras empresas de conformidad con la Ley Modelo; y • se explica paso a paso la forma de llevar a cabo la mayoría de las operaciones más comunes e importantes para el comercio. En la presente Guía se explica en términos generales y sencillos cómo funciona la Ley Modelo con el fin de ayudar a las personas que no estén familiarizadas con ella. El capítulo II va dirigido principalmente a los financiadores y las empresas que llevan a cabo o se proponen llevar a cabo operaciones respaldadas por garantías mobiliarias así como a sus asesores y proporciona información sobre la manera de realizar varias de las operaciones más comunes de esa índole.
Commodities and Development Report 2021
Escaping From the Commodity Dependence Trap Through Technology and Innovation
Commodity dependence is a trap: once a country is commodity dependent it is difficult to develop a productive sector out of commodities and export non-commodity products. This publication argues that without strong action at the highest political level in Commodity-dependent Developing Countries (CDDCs) these countries will remain trapped for centuries. It demonstrates how technology and innovation could lead the way to economic and structural transformation in CDDCs helping to diversify economies and lessen dependence on the commodity sector and in turn strengthen productivity growth. Enabling CDDCs to escape from the commodity dependence trap requires stronger cooperation between CDDCs and their trading and development partners with regard to technological acquisition and domestication. Indeed a conducive framework for technology accessibility and its transfer to CDDCs is ultimately needed at the international level.
World Survey on the Role of Women in Development 2019
Why Addressing Women’s Income and Time Poverty Matters for Sustainable Development
This publication focuses on the ways in which the nexus of time and income poverty shapes or constraints the lives of women. It argues that addressing this double bind is critical to achieving sustainable development particularly in low-income contexts and presents an integrated policy agenda for doing so. The report finds large gender gaps in extreme poverty rates especially between the ages of 25 and 34 coinciding with the phase of life oriented around family formation and child-rearing. During this phase women and their households face increased expenses associated with having children while also experiencing constraints on the time they have available for engaging in paid work. To address this double bind public action must be geared towards supporting women at critical stages of their life course in an integrated manner through a combination of gender-responsive social protection and labour market interventions as well as investments in time-saving public services (e.g. childcare transport) and basic infrastructure.
Guide pratique de la CNUDCI relatif à la Loi type sur les sûretés mobilières
Le présent Guide entend fournir des orientations pratiques aux parties à des opérations assorties de sûretés dans les États qui ont adopté la Loi type de la CNUDC I sur les sûretés mobilières (2016) en: expliquant les grandes caractéristiques et les avantages principaux de la Loi type; Décrivant les types d’opérations assorties de sûretés que les créanciers et autres entreprises peuvent réaliser en vertu de la Loi type ; et Fournissant des explications étape par étape sur la manière de réaliser les opérations les plus courantes et les plus importantes sur le plan commercial. Le présent Guide a vocation à aider les personnes qui connaissent mal la Loi type. Il en explique le fonctionnement en termes simples et généraux. Le chapitre II est principalement destiné aux bailleurs de fonds et aux entreprises qui procèdent ou envisagent de procéder à des opérations assorties de sûretés ainsi qu ’à leurs conseillers.
دليل الأونسيترال العملي للقانون النموذجي بشأن المعاملات المضمونة
The UNCITRAL Practice Guide to the Model Law on Secured Transactions provides practical guidance to parties involved in secured transactions in States that enact the Model Law. The Practice Guide explains key features and benefits of the Model Law illustrates the types of secured transactions that can be undertaken under the Model Law and provides step-by-step explanations of how to engage in the most common and commercially important secured transactions. The Practice Guide is for readers who wish to understand transactions governed by and in many cases made possible by the Model Law. It provides guidance to creditors and debtors on how to engage in several common types of secured transactions to others whose rights may be affected by a secured transaction and to regulated financial institutions and prudential regulatory authorities.
Rethinking MSME Finance in Asia and the Pacific
A Post-Crisis Policy Agenda
MSMEs are an important engine of economic growth and development due to their large share in total employment and their participation in production value chains and trade. However they are often disadvantaged due to their small operational size and lack of financial resources skills/knowledge and outreach. These disadvantages are associated with: poor access to markets; low bargaining power with customers and suppliers leading to low product prices high costs and lower profits; weak organizational capacities and low-skilled human resources; inadequate institutional support and networking; and difficulty accessing finance. With regard to the last point governments and related agencies have devised mechanisms in recent decades to facilitate improved flows of finance to MSMEs but many challenges remain. As this publication addresses MSMEs are particularly vulnerable to the socio-economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the policy responses enacted and they require supportive policy measures from state agencies to cope. Indeed the virus has helped expose those vulnerabilities as MSMEs typically lack the additional resilience that comes from operating at scale nor do they have diversified business models that make it easier to pivot. Yet the virus itself did not actually cause the unprecedented economic downturn; rather governments strategically shut down their economies in order to battle the virus more effectively rightly placing public health above economic well-being. The resulting economic crisis has thus been deliberately induced by policy-makers – a somewhat new phenomenon.
Economic and Social Survey of Asia And the Pacific 2020
Towards Sustainable Economies
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2019
Ambitions Beyond Growth
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2018
Mobilizing Finance for Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2021
Towards Post-COVID-19 Resilient Economies
Asia-Pacific’s recovery from its weakest economic performance in recent history remains fragile and can be “K-shaped” due to the likely unevenness of the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out policy space and structural weaknesses across the region. Asia-Pacific is no stranger to crises that leave behind a severe social and economic impact. But a better understanding of the complex risk landscape and a comprehensive approach to building resilience have become imperative in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis. Building resilience into policy frameworks and institutions requires aligning fiscal and monetary policies and structural reforms with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2021 proposes an illustrative ‘build forward better’ policy package for resilient post-COVID-19 economies. It aims to ensure universal access to healthcare and social protection close the digital divide and strengthen climate and clean energy actions. Estimated to reduce the number of poor in the region by almost 180 million people and cut carbon emissions by about 30 percent in the long run the proposed policy actions would likely add minimal fiscal burden for most with the exception of some less developed Asia-Pacific countries. Policy options to meet immediate and medium-term financing needs for building resilience are also examined herein — including debt service suspensions debt swaps for development sovereign bond financing public debt management emergency financing mechanisms and sustainable investing by public institutional investors.
Approaches to Measuring Social Exclusion
The publication describes concepts of exclusion or inclusion equalities and well-being and leaving no one behind in the context of individual societies. It considers specific policy examples from across the world which have impetus for measurement of these concepts. It also provides different approaches and examples of a range of different measurement frameworks to social exclusion social inclusion multiple deprivations or multiple inequalities and well-being.
Development and Globalization
Facts and Figures 2021
The purpose of this statistical report is to promote UNCTAD statistics and UNCTAD's engagement with Agenda 2030. Small island developing States (SIDS) face an uphill battle as they strive to recover from the impact of the COVID-19 crisis amid vulnerabilities worsened by the pandemic. The 2021 edition of UNCTAD’s Development and Globalization: Facts and Figures report highlights the numerous strengths and challenges facing these economically vulnerable countries.
Scenario Study on Future Land Administration in the UNECE Region
Decision-makers in the field of land administration need a broad understanding of emerging issues and developments that are expected to shape the future of the sector. To this end the UNECE Working Party on Land Administration agreed to elaborate scenarios for future land administration and land management solutions. This study discusses the future scenarios for the land administration sector based on the relative importance and anticipated impacts of global megatrends and drivers specifically related to the sector.
Disability at a Glance 2009
A Profile of 36 Countries and Areas in Asia and the Pacific
The publication provides a snapshot of disability statistics and information in the region particularly with regards to the population of persons with disabilities the definition of disability and national policy programmes and institutional mechanisms on disability matters. The compilation serves as a point of reference whereby Governments researchers organizations of persons with disabilities and other stakeholders are encouraged to take further action to enhance their data collection efforts and create an inclusive barrier-free and rights-based society.
#Housing2030: Effective Policies for Affordable Housing in the UNECE Region
The study explores housing affordability challenges and existing policy instruments for improving housing affordability in the regions covered by UNECE and presents examples of "good practices" in improving housing affordability among countries and cities. The study focuses on four topics namely: housing governance and regulation; access to finance and funding; access and availability of land for housing construction; and Climate-neutral housing construction and renovation.
Handbook on the Least Developed Country Category
Inclusion, Graduation and Special Support Measures - Fourth Edition
The Handbook on the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) prepared by the Secretariat of the Committee for Development Policy. It responds to the need to make the methods and approaches used in the identification of LDCs and the international support measures available to them known to a wide range of stakeholders. The 4th edition builds upon the 2018 edition and has been updated to reflect recent developments in the LDC category including the progress of several countries towards graduation from the category amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This edition contains additional information on international support measures in particular on “smooth transition” provisions for countries graduating from the LDC category.
Сценарное исследование на тему земельного администрирования в регионе ЕЭК ООН в будущем
Decision-makers in the field of land administration need a broad understanding of emerging issues and developments that are expected to shape the future of the sector. To this end the UNECE Working Party on Land Administration agreed to elaborate scenarios for future land administration and land management solutions. This study discusses the future scenarios for the land administration sector based on the relative importance and anticipated impacts of global megatrends and drivers specifically related to the sector.
Vulnerability Profile: Angola
Prepared in the context of the process of Angola’s graduation from LDC status this publication contains insights into the particular vulnerabilities or fragilities of the country and the implications of these disadvantages. The profile helps national authorities understand the critical relationship between the need for resilience-building action and LDC status as a basis for eligibility for special support to this action. It is organized around four pillars: (i) a situation analysis; (ii) identification of key areas of vulnerability; (iii) evaluation of the consequences of identified vulnerabilities; and (iv) identification of structures and features of the economy that are critical for a sustainable graduation and for reducing existing vulnerabilities.
Commodities at a Glance: Special Issue on Industrial Hemp
This report discusses the general uses of industrial hemp and how they are reflected in international production and trade statistics. Based on current practical experiences and empirical expertise it also defines the steps to be taken by developing countries where climate and agronomic characteristics would suit the cultivation of hemp to exploit its economic and social potential. Industrial hemp is commonly known as not having intoxicant properties. Nonetheless industrial hemp remains a controversial plant as it is still often mistakenly associated with an intoxicant use. A negative connotation still prevails despite several millennia of history of industrial and medicinal applications. Such connotation is due in part to confusion about the botanical characteristics and chemotype of the plant.
Coup d’œil sur les produits de base: Edition spéciale sur la gomme arabique en Afrique centrale et occidentale
Commodities at a Glance: Special Issue on Cashew Nuts
Cashew nuts enjoy increasing popularity all around the globe. The top three cashew-consuming countries – India the United States of America and Germany - lie on three different continents. Cashews accounted for 17 per cent of world tree nut production in 2019/20 making it the third most popular tree nut after almonds and walnuts (INC 2020). Cashew nuts are consumed in a variety of forms including as salty or sweet snacks ingredient of desserts and savory dishes or further processed into cashew butter or ingredient of a variety of spreads sauces bars and drinks. Rising demand for these products has led global cashew production to more than double between 2000 and 2018 (see Chapter 3). This report takes stock of the global cashew market and gives an overview of cashew production trade patterns and policies. It also highlights opportunities for the cashew sector to foster value addition and diversification in cashew-growing countries and its potential contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Commodities at a Glance: Special Issue on Gum Arabic
Review of Maritime Transport 2023
Towards a Green and Just Transition
The Review of Maritime Transport is an UNCTAD flagship publication published annually since 1968. Around 80 per cent of the volume of international trade in goods is carried by sea and the percentage is even higher for most developing countries. The Review of Maritime Transport provides an analysis of structural and cyclical changes affecting seaborne trade ports and shipping as well as an extensive collection of statistical information. The report calls for a “just and equitable transition” to a decarbonized shipping industry. The sector whose greenhouse gas emissions have risen 20% over the last decade operates an ageing fleet that runs almost exclusively on fossil fuels. As global leaders prepare for the next UN climate conference (COP28) UNCTAD advocates for system-wide collaboration swift regulatory intervention and stronger investments in green technologies and fleets. Full decarbonization by 2050 will require massive investments and could lead to higher maritime logistics costs raising concerns for vulnerable shipping-reliant nations like small island developing states. The report emphasizes the need to balance environmental goals with economic needs but underscores that the cost of inaction far outweighs the required investments. The report recommends policy actions to overcome supply chain hurdles African countries face including poor logistics low levels of technology fragmented markets limited capital sources and weak institutions and regulations. Beyond cleaner fuels the industry needs to move faster towards digital solutions like AI and blockchain to improve efficiency as well as sustainability. In its analysis of global maritime trends the report highlights shipping’s resilience despite major challenges stemming from global crises such as the war in Ukraine. Maritime trade is expected to grow 2.4% in 2023 and more than 3% between 2024 and 2028.
Debt Management and Financial Analysis System Programme Annual Report 2019
This annual report describes the activities achievements and financial situation of the DMFAS Programme of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the end of 2019. It is intended for the Programme’s donors development partners and beneficiary countries and for all those interested in debt and development issues.
Rapport de la Génération Égalité sur la redevabilité 2022
Au cours de cette Décennie d’action des Nations Unies pour l’égalité des sexes nous avons promis qu’il était temps de passer de la rhétorique à l’action et de travailler ensemble pour susciter un changement durable. Pour réussir véritablement dans ce domaine diverses parties prenantes doivent venir à la table avec des engagements des ressources et des actions. Par le biais du Forum Génération Égalité lancé au Mexique et en France l’année dernière les leaders et partenaires mondiaux se sont engagés à éliminer les inégalités entre les sexes et à financer et mettre en oeuvre des lois des politiques et des programmes pour atteindre les actions et objectifs prioritaires établis dans le Plan d’accélération mondial pour l’égalité des sexes. Ensemble les porteurs d’engagement et les signataires des Coalitions d’action et du Pacte sur les femmes la paix la sécurité et l’action humanitaire ont construit un mouvement mondial ambitieux qui unit divers partenaires engagés dans la redevabilité collective envers les femmes et les filles. Cette redevabilité est la force motrice de ce rapport. Celui-ci fait le point sur l’état d’avancement des engagements audacieux pris en 2021 à l’issue de la première année de mise en oeuvre. Il met en lumière la nature des engagements et évalue comment chacun est assorti de progrès mesurables. Il met en évidence les lacunes et les tendances et note les domaines dans lesquels des travaux supplémentaires sont nécessaires.
The State of Food and Agriculture 1997
The Agroprocessing Industry and Economic Development
In addition to the usual review of the recent world food and agriculture situation each issue of The State of Food and Agriculture from 1957 has included one or more special studies of problems of longer-term interest. This year’s edition focuses on the agroprocessing industry and economic development.
Integrated Simulation Framework II – Model for Palestinian Economic Policy
Since the Integrated Simulation Framework (ISF) was first developed more than a decade ago significant structural changes have taken place and more data and information have become available. UNCTAD subsequently deemed it necessary to upgrade its macro-econometric model of the Palestinian economy by developing an updated generation of the ISF. Like its predecessor the ISF II is a Klein-type demand-side model though it goes beyond the standard demand-side approach by integrating the supply side of the economy in its structure. It uses more recent economic and demographic data (up to 2018) increases the number of economic sectors (value-added and employment) from four to six and attempts to reflect Palestinian national and international economic relations since the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) in 1994. Ultimately the aim of this new model is to aid Palestinian policymakers in better formulating public policies by assessing the impact of alternative policy packages.
State of World Population 2007
Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth
In 2008 for the first time in history more than half of the world’s population 3.3 billion people will be living in urban areas. Urbanization—the increase in the urban share of total population—is inevitable but it can also be positive. This Report looks beyond current problems. It examines the implications of impending urban growth and discusses what needs to be done with specific attention to poverty reduction and sustainability.
A Transition Approach to Poverty Reduction and Climate Finance
The Missing Link to Implementation
The world is currently facing a triple crisis: food energy and climate. People living in poverty and in developing countries especially in Africa are on the frontline suffering most in a crisis they did not create. Many solutions are available but major change will only happen when a large enough part of the international system moves in the same direction and solutions are tailored to specific country contexts. This report proposes principles and a framework to guide policy and financing options on adapting to life in a changing climate and a green transition while achieving poverty reduction goals. These principles reveal the need to take specific development contexts into account when designing strategies policies and financing options.
State of World Population 2005
The Promise of Equality - Gender Equity, Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals
This year’s report explores the degree to which the global community has fulfilled pledges made to the world’s most impoverished and marginalized peoples. It tracks progress exposes shortfalls and examines the links between poverty gender equality human rights reproductive health conflict and violence against women and girls. It also examines the relationship between gender discrimination and the scourge of HIV/AIDS. It identifies the vulnerabilities and strengths of history’s largest cohort of young people and highlights the critical role they play in development.
Road Map for Mainstreaming Ageing: Belarus
The UNECE Road Maps for Mainstreaming Ageing support countries in the national implementation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) and its Regional Implementation Strategy and in the development of national strategies and action plans on ageing.
Social Programmes, Poverty Eradication and Labour Inclusion
Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean
Diverse social programmes —including conditional cash transfer programmes labour and production inclusion programmes and social pensions—are being implemented in Latin American and Caribbean countries with the aim of ending poverty and reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle. This book offers an up-to-date analysis of these programmes and the way they relate to labour inclusion and analyses ongoing debates regarding the possible incentives and disincentives they create in terms of the labour supply formalization and child labour among the target population. Considering that poverty is a structural problem of highly unequal societies the thesis that poverty is due to a lack of effort on the part of the poor is argued to be an expression of the strong prejudice against those living in poverty the great majority of whom work or are actively seeking employment but are hampered by the large decent work deficits existing in the region. From an integrated and rights-based perspective public policies should simultaneously address the twofold challenge of social and labour inclusion in order to achieve basic thresholds of well-being by ensuring income universal access to good-quality social services and opportunities for decent work.
تقرير التنمية البشرية 2021/2022
زمنٌ بلا يقين، حياةٌ بلا استقرار: رسم مستقبلنا في عالم يتحوّل
Continuing the thread of the 2019 and 2020 Human Development Reports (HDRs) the 2021/22 HDR carries forward a conversation centered on inequalities while integrating other important themes related to uncertainties in the Anthropocene: societal-level transformations mental health impacts political polarization but also crucially opportunity. The Report explores how uncertainty in the Anthropocene is changing what is driving it what it means for human development and how we can thrive in spite of it. The Report argues that in the end doubling down on human development is central to a more prosperous future for all.
Rapport sur le développement humain 2021/2022
Temps incertains, vies bouleversées: Façonner notre avenir dans un monde en mutation
Dans la continuité des Rapports sur le développement humain (RDH) 2019 et 2020 le RDH 2021/22 poursuit une conversation centrée sur les inégalités tout en intégrant d'autres thématiques importantes liées aux incertitudes de l'Anthropocène : transformations sociétales impacts sur la santé mentale polarisation politique mais aussi et surtout une opportunité. Le rapport explore comment l'incertitude dans l'Anthropocène évolue ce qui la motive ce qu'elle signifie pour le développement humain et comment nous pouvons prospérer malgré cela. Le rapport soutient qu'en fin de compte doubler le développement humain est essentiel à un avenir plus prospère pour tous.
Debt Management and Financial Analysis System Programme Annual Report 2020
This annual report describes the activities achievements and financial situation of the DMFAS Programme of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the end of 2020. It is intended for the Programme’s donors development partners and beneficiary countries and for all those interested in debt and development issues.
مسح التطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية 2020-2019
وقائع وآفاق في المنطقة العربية
This annual flagship publication seeks to both analyze routinely monitored economic and social variables in the Arab region in a global context as well as address debt sustainability and the macroeconomic implications. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic will have significant repercussions in 2021 and beyond it is crucial to understand how Arab countries are dealing with the economic impact of the virus. The report sets out two scenarios: a baseline scenario projecting that the economy will rebound in the first quarter of 2021; and a pessimistic scenario in which the crisis will persist throughout the first quarter of 2021. However given considerable advancements in research on COVID-19 vaccines an economic rebound should be expected no later than the second quarter of 2021.
Informe de rendición de cuentas de Generación Igualdad 2022
En esta Década de Acción de las Naciones Unidas por la Igualdad de Género hemos afirmado que es hora de pasar de la teoría a la acción y de trabajar mancomunadamente para impulsar un cambio duradero. Para cosechar verdaderos frutos es necesario que las distintas partes interesadas se sienten a la mesa provistos de compromisos recursos y acciones. Mediante el Foro Generación Igualdad que se llevó a cabo en México y Francia en 2021 las y los líderes del mundo y otros aliados prometieron poner fin a las desigualdades de género y financiar e implementar leyes políticas y programas encaminados a cumplir las acciones prioritarias y las metas fijadas en el Plan de Aceleración Global para la Igualdad de Género. En conjunto los aliados comprometidos y los signatarios de las Coaliciones para la Acción y del Pacto para las Mujeres la Paz y la Seguridad y la Acción Humanitaria han forjado un ambicioso movimiento global que agrupa a distintas partes interesadas comprometidas con la rendición de cuentas colectiva ante las mujeres y las niñas. La rendición de cuentas es la fuerza motora del presente informe. En él se hace un balance del estado actual de los audaces compromisos asumidos en 2021 al término del primer año de implementación. Se arroja luz sobre la naturaleza de los compromisos y se analiza en qué medida cada uno corresponde con el progreso cuantificable. Se ponen de relieve los déficits y las tendencias y se señala dónde es necesario intensificar el trabajo.
人类发展报告 2021/2022
不确定的时代,不稳定的生活:在瞬息万变的世界中塑造我们的未来
Continuing the thread of the 2019 and 2020 Human Development Reports (HDRs) the 2021/22 HDR carries forward a conversation centered on inequalities while integrating other important themes related to uncertainties in the Anthropocene: societal-level transformations mental health impacts political polarization but also crucially opportunity. The Report explores how uncertainty in the Anthropocene is changing what is driving it what it means for human development and how we can thrive in spite of it. The Report argues that in the end doubling down on human development is central to a more prosperous future for all.
Generation Equality Accountability Report 2022
In the UN Decade for Action on Gender Equality people around the world have pledged to move from rhetoric to action and to work together to drive lasting change starting now. Through the 2021 Generation Equality Forum in Mexico and France world leaders and partners committed to eliminating gender inequalities and to financing and implementing laws policies and programmes to meet priority actions and targets in a Global Acceleration Plan for Gender Equality. The aim is simple but profound: deliver irreversible quantifiable results for women and girls in all their diversity. Together commitment makers and signatories of a series of Action Coalitions along with the Compact for Women Peace and Security and Humanitarian Action have begun to build an ambitious global movement. It unites diverse partners committed to collective accountability for women and girls. This accountability is the driving force of this report which takes stock of the bold commitments made at the Forum one year into implementation. Through a survey of commitment-makers the report sheds light on the nature of the commitments and assesses measurable progress. It highlights trends and notes where more work is needed. Generation Equality was born from the idea that the world could make catalytic progress on gender equality if a wide range of stakeholders united around a transformative vision and worked together to achieve it. These preliminary findings demonstrate that while more remains to be done collective action is powerful in making commitments real in the lives of women and girls.
Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2021/2022
Tiempos inciertos, vidas inestables: Configurar nuestro futuro en un mundo en transformación
Continuando con el hilo de los Informes sobre Desarrollo Humano (IDH) de 2019 y 2020 el Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2021/22 lleva adelante una conversación centrada en las desigualdades al tiempo que integra otros temas importantes relacionados con las incertidumbres en el Antropoceno: transformaciones a nivel social impactos en la salud mental polarización política. pero también crucialmente oportunidad. El Informe explora cómo está cambiando la incertidumbre en el Antropoceno qué la impulsa qué significa para el desarrollo humano y cómo podemos prosperar a pesar de ella. El Informe sostiene que al final duplicar el desarrollo humano es fundamental para un futuro más próspero para todos.
Debt Management and Financial Analysis System Programme Annual Report 2018
This annual report describes the activities achievements and financial situation of the DMFAS Programme of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the end of 2018. It is intended for the Programme’s donors development partners and beneficiary countries and for all those interested in debt and development issues.
Debt Management and Financial Analysis System Programme Annual Report 2017
This annual report describes the activities achievements and financial situation of the DMFAS Programme of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the end of 2017. It is intended for the Programme’s donors development partners and beneficiary countries and for all those interested in debt and development issues.
Доклад о Человеческом Развитии 2021-2022
Времена неопределенности, неустроенные жизни: Наше будущее в меняющемся мире
Continuing the thread of the 2019 and 2020 Human Development Reports (HDRs) the 2021/22 HDR carries forward a conversation centered on inequalities while integrating other important themes related to uncertainties in the Anthropocene: societal-level transformations mental health impacts political polarization but also crucially opportunity. The Report explores how uncertainty in the Anthropocene is changing what is driving it what it means for human development and how we can thrive in spite of it. The Report argues that in the end doubling down on human development is central to a more prosperous future for all.
Debt Management and Financial Analysis System Programme Annual Report 2021
This annual report describes the activities achievements and financial situation of the DMFAS Programme of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the end of 2021. It is intended for the Programme’s donors development partners and beneficiary countries and for all those interested in debt and development issues.
Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2023/24
Unleashing Digital Trade and Investment for Sustainable Development
Digital technologies are revolutionizing the landscape of international trade and investment. As digital trade gains momentum disparities in readiness are accentuating pre-existing inequalities. Countries and communities that are ill-prepared to seize these opportunities risk losing out on fundamental drivers of contemporary economic growth societal development and environmental conservation. Trade and investment authorities are grappling with a pressing challenge: – How can digital trade and investment policies be crafted to simultaneously drive growth and cater to societal and environmental imperatives? This core inquiry is the focus of the Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report "Unleashing Digital Trade and Investment for Sustainable Development." The report jointly prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) delves into both the potential and obstacles associated with digital trade and investment. This report weaves together an integrative policy-making approach particularly enlightening policymakers in trade and investment about the roles they can assume to realize the potential of digital trade and investment as effective means for the achievement of the SDGs. The report seeks to broaden policymakers' perspectives and is expected to stimulate policy dialogues and inter-ministerial and public-private sector collaboration. It advocates for a cohesive strategy at both the global and regional levels to reap greater benefits from digital trade and investment and as well as to maintain focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Economic Report on Africa 2023
Building Africa’s Resilience to Global Economic Shocks
The 2023 Economic Report on Africa focuses on the impact of multiple and recurring global shocks on African economies and the extent to which these shocks impede Africa’s prospects for achieving the targets set in the Sustainable Development Goals. The principal lessons are that shocks of various magnitude duration and recurrence have played a major part in shaping economic performance in the last several decades undermining Africa’s aspirations for sustained growth and rapid economic transformation that could benefit from demographic (youth bulge) and geographic (urbanization) trends. In addition successive shocks have had scarring effects that have made it difficult for African economies to recover fully even after a short-lived shock such as the Global Financial Crisis. More important the damages caused by shocks could morph into other domains such as political instability and conflict undermining recovery and resilience to future shocks. The report also emphasizes the opportunities presented by the shocks to implement long overdue structural and public finance reforms that take full advantage of such regional initiatives as the African Continental Free Trade Area.
Reducing Inequality and Poverty in Malawi: Policy Analyses and Options
This report examines the role of economic and social policies in understanding the evolution of inequality and poverty in Malawi over the past three decades. Emphasizing the centrality of policy choices in addressing inequality the report indicates that most of the key policies that Malawi has been implementing have contributed to reducing income inequality. However their efficacy is being eroded by several factors including policy incoherence and infrastructure gaps.
Disability at a Glance 2023
Catalysts of Change: Disability Inclusion in Business in Asia and the Pacific
The private sector has a pivotal role to play in accelerating disability-inclusive sustainable development. Mainstreaming disability inclusion into every aspect of business presents opportunities for companies to improve workplace accessibility strengthen performance encourage innovation and expand to new consumer markets and untapped talent pools. Study findings have shown a positive correlation between the financial performance of companies and their status of disability inclusion with higher sales profit margins and shareholder returns for companies championing disability inclusion. Disability at a Glance 2023: Catalysts of Change: Disability Inclusion in Business in Asia and the Pacific provides an in-depth examination of the current business case for embracing disability inclusion. The publication has compiled data policy developments and good practices adopted by governments the private sector and civil society in the region. Based on the analysis of the current status and advancements it recommends actions that Governments businesses and other stakeholders can undertake to advance the promotion of disability-inclusive business.
UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2023
The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics provides a wide range of statistics and indicators relevant to the analysis of international trade investment and development.
Commodities and Development Report 2012
Perennial Problems, New Challenges and Evolving Perspectives
The Commodities and Development Report 2012 released during the 13th session of UNCTAD shows that developing countries suffer from high prices for commodities and food in particular Least Developed Countries (LDCs) that are net importers of food. The report states that factors such as financial speculation in commodities and increasing diversion of agricultural land to biofuel crops have led to a period of sustained increases in commodity prices and increased price volatility which in turn have increased the vulnerability of poor families in developing countries. The report recommends: investing in national and regional food reserves to help food-insecure countries; reconsidering the shift to "finance-driven globalization" as it applies to commodities; adjusting fiscal and taxation policies to help developing countries reap stable long-term economic benefits from commodities exports; and measures to improve the situations of small farmers and other small commodity producers in poor countries.
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2023
Rethinking Public Debt for the Sustainable Development Goals
One of the main value additions of the Survey 2023 is a proposal for an augmented Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) approach that duly incorporates SDG investment needs potential socioeconomic and environmental gains government's structural policies that go beyond financial considerations and government's resource mobilization strategies and financial capacity. The Survey 2023 also provides new insights on how to prevent potential public debt crises and resolve public debt distress in order to effectively pursue the SDGs. For example in prevention of public debt crisis governments will need to explore unconventional policy measures such as leveraging the potential of non-tax policy measures and public assets. In resolving public debt distress governments might need to bring the rising number of commercial debt creditors into discussions with the existing institutional investors while fundamental policy actions to enhance fiscal resources are still needed governments will also need to explore unconventional policy measures such as leveraging the potential of non-tax policy measures and public assets amid rising public indebtedness. In resolving public debt distress while the emergence of commercial creditors brings new opportunities as many of them are increasingly mindful about the importance of sustainable development their participation in the existing global debt architecture is virtually missing. At the same time several unconventional SDG-aligned debt relief modalities have recently been proposed. Amid these and other changes in the global and Asia-Pacific debt landscapes and rising public indebtedness in the region it is time to rethink public debt issues in support of the SDGs.
The Economic Costs of the Israeli Occupation for the Palestinian People
The Cost of Restrictions in Area C Viewed from Above
The study focuses on the economic cost of the Israeli occupation of Area C which accounts for about 60 per cent of the total area of the occupied West Bank. While the occupation also imposes significant restrictions on Palestinian economic activity in Areas A and B it imposes more restrictions in Area C. This report estimates the cost of these additional restrictions on economic activities in Area C outside the settlements. The economic cost is estimated by applying an innovative well-established methodology that uses nighttime luminosity (NTL) captured by satellite sensors over a span of time to estimate levels of economic activity. Occupation fragments the geography and economy of the West Bank disfiguring Areas A and B and C and rendering them like a jigsaw the pieces of which no longer fit together. These areas broken down by a complex multi-layered control system are deprived of much more than their unity. How can the losses entailed by restrictions and territorial fragmentation be assessed? And what is the economic cost of depriving Palestinian producers of Area C the only contiguous part of the West Bank? This study aims to answer both questions by estimating part of this cost.
Handbook on Forms of Employment
The Handbook presents a broad framework to classify and understand forms of employment which is centered around two main dimensions: work relationships (as defined in the 2018 International Classification of Status in Employment) and work modalities (the way in which work is coordinated performed and compensated). To develop a full understanding of forms of employment the Handbook provides definitions of the concepts of permanence and stability of employment. It also covers the broader context of forms of employment which includes person-level circumstances social protection and quality of employment to help better understand the impact of forms of employment on well-being. The Handbook provides definitions of key concepts general principles and guidelines as well as a list of key recommended indicators with the goal of facilitating national statistical efforts to classify measure and track diverse forms of employment relevant to their national context.
Trapped: High Inequality and Low Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean
Regional Human Development Report 2021
Latin America and the Caribbean is a region of great contrasts where wealth and prosperity coexist with vulnerability and extreme poverty. The list of contrasts is long and familiar. The region is also characterized by very volatile and low average growth explained by low productivity. This Regional Human Development Report argues that the region is caught in a double trap of high inequality and low growth. These two phenomena interact in a vicious circle that limits the ability to advance on all fronts of human development. Understanding the nature of the trap is critical to breaking free from it.
Commodities and Development Report 2015
Smallholder Farmers and Sustainable Commodity Development
Smallholder farmers constitute the largest contingent of the poor and yet they produce more than 80 per cent of the world's food in value terms. Though there are marked differences by country and region in the average size of small farms it is estimated that more than 90 per cent of the 570 million farms worldwide are managed by an individual or a family and that mostly they rely on family labour. Estimates further show that about 2.5 billion people depend on agricultural production systems for their livelihoods. The report highlights the range of constraints that smallholder farmers face in developing economies and specifically provides new analyses of the state of their integration into the global economy. It underlines that smallholder farmers are both victims of climate change and key actors in the achievement of a more inclusive and environmentally friendly development path. The report argues for specific measures at the national regional and global levels including in international trade and investment agreements for unleashing the full business potential of smallholders. It showcases good policy practices including the role of strong political leadership in reversing the policy neglect that small farmers have suffered from. "Business as usual" is not an option if the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to be achieved. In light of this the report calls for greater resources to be devoted to supporting smallholders. Finally the report also urges for the establishment of an accountability mechanism for monitoring progress on key commitments related to smallholders on trade investment finance and technology.
Annual Report of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 2023
The Annual Report chronicles the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific’s achievements and future goals against a backdrop of major global shifts sweeping across the economic social and environmental landscape. UN ESCAP promotes rigorous analysis and peer learning through its seven core areas of work: macroeconomic policy and development trade and investment social development transport statistics environment and development information communications technology and disaster risk reduction.
Les coûts économiques de l’occupation israélienne pour le peuple palestinien
Le coût des restrictions dans la zone C, vu du ciel
La présente étude porte sur le coût économique de l’occupation israélienne dans la zone C qui représente environ 60 % de la superficie totale de la Cisjordanie occupée. Dans cette zone l’occupation impose encore plus de restrictions à l’activité économique palestinienne que dans les zones A et B où les restrictions sont déjà drastiques. L’étude fournit une estimation du coût de ces restrictions supplémentaires pour les activités économiques menées en dehors des limites des conseils régionaux des colonies. L’estimation est réalisée au moyen d’une méthode innovante mais bien établie consistant à examiner sur une période donnée la luminosité nocturne captée par satellite pour mesurer l’activité conomique. L’occupation fragmente la géographie et l’économie de la Cisjordanie défigurant les zones A B et C et les transformant en un puzzle dont les pièces ne s’emboîtent plus. Ces zones morcelées par un système de contrôle complexe à plusieurs niveaux sont privées de beaucoup plus que leur unité. Comment évaluer les pertes entraînées par les restrictions et la fragmentation territoriale ? Quel est le coût économique de la privation des Palestiniens de la zone C seule partie contiguë de la Cisjordanie de leur capacité de produire ? Cette étude tente de répondre à ces deux questions en évaluant une partie de ce coût.
Arab Society: Demographic and Social Trends - Issue No. 16
Arab Society: Demographic and Social Trends Issue No. 16 is the latest in a series published biennially by the Statistics Information Society and Technology Cluster of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). Focusing on population dynamics household composition family formation housing conditions health labour poverty and inequality education culture and social participation and the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic the report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of Arab society showing how society is changing across countries in the ESCWA region and identifying a number of the factors that may be behind those trends. Data have been drawn primarily from the national statistical offices of ESCWA member States supplemented by data from a wide range of international organizations. Arab Society: Demographic and Social Trends is produced with a wide audience in mind including policy makers service providers researchers and teachers at academic institutions journalists staff at national statistical offices and the public at large.
Investment Facilitation for Sustainable Development within the Context of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the ASEAN Investment Facilitation Framework and the WTO Draft Investment Facilitation Framework for Development
This report analyses investment facilitation commitments for sustainable development within the context of the the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) the ASEAN Investment Facilitation Framework (AIFF) and the WTO Draft Investment Facilitation Framework for Development. While the potential role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in promoting sustainable development is well recognised the report reveals that significant gaps exist in these instruments with respect to linkages between investment facilitation and sustainable development. In light of the gaps identified the report puts forward a package of recommendations to help policymakers formulate FDI policies and guide investment promotion agencies (IPAs) to better promote and facilitate FDI for sustainable development.
Strengthening Consumer Protection in the Provision of Health Services in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic
This report contributes to improving consumer protection in the provision of health services by exploring the scope for both operational and conceptual exchange. It covers representation and redress for consumers to improvement mechanisms for treating consumer grievances. It also addresses the interplay of different national agencies and the international legal and institutional frameworks. The result has been a reproduction in the health sector of the ‘poor pay more syndrome’ identified in consumer policy research during the 1960s and 1970s in retail markets in high income countries and to which attention was drawn by UNCTAD in its 2017 Consumer Protection Manual. This is reflected today in the low-income countries by high levels of ‘out of pocket’ payments by low-income consumers outside social protection systems and thus with lower levels of access. This syndrome has been thrown into sharp relief by the COVID-19 pandemic.
التكاليف الأقتصادية التي يتكبدها الشعب الفلسطيني بسبب الأحتلال ا إ لأسرائيلي
تكلفة القيود المفروضة في المنطقة جيم من الفضاء
The study focuses on the economic cost of the Israeli occupation of Area C which accounts for about 60 per cent of the total area of the occupied West Bank. While the occupation also imposes significant restrictions on Palestinian economic activity in Areas A and B it imposes more restrictions in Area C. This report estimates the cost of these additional restrictions on economic activities in Area C outside the settlements. The economic cost is estimated by applying an innovative well-established methodology that uses nighttime luminosity (NTL) captured by satellite sensors over a span of time to estimate levels of economic activity. Occupation fragments the geography and economy of the West Bank disfiguring Areas A and B and C and rendering them like a jigsaw the pieces of which no longer fit together. These areas broken down by a complex multi-layered control system are deprived of much more than their unity. How can the losses entailed by restrictions and territorial fragmentation be assessed? And what is the economic cost of depriving Palestinian producers of Area C the only contiguous part of the West Bank? This study aims to answer both questions by estimating part of this cost.
Two Years in Review: Changes in Afghan Economy, Households and Cross-cutting Sectors (August 2021 to August 2023)
The report is an evidence-based assessment of the economic and social situation in Afghanistan two years after the power shift in August 2021. The report shows that the Afghan economy and people are still in crisis with high levels of multidimensional deprivation low growth and urgent humanitarian needs. The report also highlights the impact of the crisis on women and girls who face severe restrictions on their rights and freedoms. The report calls for urgent action to address the humanitarian and basic needs of the Afghan people by stimulating economic recovery revitalising the financial sector and investing in community development and local economic resilience including women’s economic enterprises. The report aims to inform and influence the policy discourse and decision-making on the future of Afghanistan and to contribute to the efforts of building an increasingly stable prosperous and resilient nation.
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024
Boosting Affordable and Longer-term Financing for Governments
Given the urgency of the SDG Stimulus and that public debt distress is likely to remain a major macroeconomic policy challenge for Asia and the Pacific in coming years the Survey 2024 will continue to focus on fiscal and public debt challenges and policy options. After outlining the changing economic financial and development context and its medium-term fiscal implications the Survey 2024 will dive deeper into policy options that developing Asia-Pacific economies as debtors and as part of the international community can explore to boost affordable and long-term financing for essential public spending on sustainable development and reduce the associated sovereign credit risks and costs. In addition to identifying ‘what’ policy actions should be taken the Survey 2024 will also give emphasis on ‘how to’ implement the needed policy actions. Insights from approaches such as political economy behavioural science and country case studies will be used.
Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review of Ethiopia
Botswana Science, Technology, and Innovation Foresight
This report was prepared as part of the Botswana Science Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy review process and should be read in conjunction with the Botswana STI Policy Review. It documents the STI Foresight exercise designed and undertaken by UNCTAD in 2022 to explore the future role of science technology and innovation and STI policy in Botswana and to stimulate a process aimed at creating a consensus on the future priorities for national investments in R&D technology and innovation. It responds to a key finding of UNCTAD's Botswana STI Policy Review that the lack of clearly defined national priorities contributes to fragmentation in the national system of innovation in Botswana and undermines its innovation performance and capacity for technology upgrading. These in turn constrain the ability of Botswana to use STI for sustainable development and reach the sustainable development goals. The STI foresight exercise aimed to provide a future dimension to strategic planning for STI in the country. It sought to involve the STI community of policymakers and practitioners in Botswana in a discussion about what the STI future could be for Botswana and what a preferred STI future is for the country. The exercise and the report are based on an understanding that foresight can help to shape the future of Botswana by looking forward into the future to see what could be possible through selective policy interventions undertaken in the present starting from today.
A Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Reviews
Harnessing Innovation for Sustainable Development
Asia-Pacific Countries with Special Needs Development Report 2024
Leveraging Digitalization for Productivity and Decent Employment
The Asia-Pacific Countries with Special Needs Development Report is a recurrent ESCAP annual publication that discusses issues of interest for Asia-Pacific least developed countries (LDCs) landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS) collectively referred to as countries with special needs (CSN). The 2024 edition will explore the nexus between digitalization and automation and the two important parameters of productivity and decent employment in countries in special situations. This report examines the transformative role of digitalization and automation in enhancing the productive capacities of these countries. It zeroes in on the services sector and the digitalization of agricultural and industrial activities which has the potential to enhance productivity and job creation. However it also cautions against potential risks including job displacement and cybersecurity threats. To navigate these challenges the report discusses policy options for enhanced connectivity and infrastructure education and training tailored to the digital economy and regional cooperation to foster a conducive environment for digital trade and investment.
Population Prospects of Countries in Special Situations
Tracking Demographic Change Among the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States
The report provides an up-to-date overview of major population trends in the least developed countries (LDCs) landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS) in connection with the critical development challenges they face. The groups of countries in special situations comprise 110 countries (45 LDCs 32 LLDCs and 57 SIDS) located in all regions of the world. The report focuses on differences and similarities in demographic characteristics between regional subgroups of the three categories of countries. It highlights levels and trends in population size structure and distribution mortality fertility and international migration from 2000 to 2050 while also discussing the implications of these demographic trends for achieving the relevant SDGs.
Social Outlook for Asia and the Pacific 2018
Poorly Protected
Handbook on the Least Developed Country Category
Inclusion, Graduation and Special Support Measures - Third Edition
One small step
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is widely regarded as the most specific and progressive human rights treaty ever adopted. Ratified by almost every country in the world it rejects cultural relativism in favour of universal human rights that transcend cultural religious historical and economic differences in order to set a minimum standard of protection and respect to which all children are entitled.
Commentary
Is the physical abuse of children more common in some industrialized countries than in others? Is it increasing or decreasing? Can it be related to other problems in teenage and adult life? Is the level of child abuse influenced by economic and social changes such as rising incomes welfare reform or the increasing participation of women in the workforce? Have some nations succeeded in evolving policies to prevent or reduce the maltreatment of children?
Commentary
The new century has opened with a renewal of interest in the issue of poverty within the borders of the world’s richest nations. In the European Union heads of government have called for specific targets to be established as part of an effort to ‘make a decisive impact on the eradication of poverty’. In the United States official poverty lines are being reviewed for the first time in over 30 years. In France the Prime Minister’s Conseil d’Analyse Économique has focused national attention on poverty and social exclusion. In the Republic of Ireland specific targets and programmes have been announced for a ten-year antipoverty effort. In the United Kingdom the government has committed itself to halving child poverty in ten years and eradicating it in twenty.
The big picture
This fourth Innocenti Report Card seeks to measure and compare educational under-achievement across the industrialized world.