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الزراعة والتنمية الريفية والغابات
الزراعة والتنمية الريفية والغابات
Criminal Justice Handbook Series
Bulletin on Narcotics
Report of the International Narcotics Control Board
World Drug Report
Global Report on Trafficking in Persons
Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
Competent National Authorities under the International Drug Control Treaties
This directory lists the competent national authorities empowered to issue certificates and authorizations for the import and export of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and to regulate or enforce national controls over precursors and essential chemicals. The legal bases for designating these authorities are the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 (article 18) the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 (article 16) and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 (article 12).
Rapport mondial sur les drogues
Le Rapport mondial sur les drogues fournit un aperçu annuel des principaux développements concernant les marchés de la drogue pour ce qui est des différentes catégories de drogue allant de la production au trafic en passant par le développement de nouvelles routes et modalités ainsi que leur consommation.
Informe mundial sobre las drogas
El Informe mundial sobre las drogas ofrece una visión anual de los principales desarrollos en los mercados de drogas para las diversas categorías desde la producción hasta el tráfico incluyendo el desarrollo de nuevas rutas y modalidades así como el consumo.
Vsemirnyj doklad o narkotikah
The World Drug Report provides an annual overview of the major developments in drug markets for the various drug categories ranging from production to trafficking including development of new routes and modalities as well as consumption.
Taqrīr al-muẖaddirāt al-ʿālamī
The World Drug Report provides an annual overview of the major developments in drug markets for the various drug categories ranging from production to trafficking including development of new routes and modalities as well as consumption.
Shìjiè dúpǐn wèntí bàogào
The World Drug Report provides an annual overview of the major developments in drug markets for the various drug categories ranging from production to trafficking including development of new routes and modalities as well as consumption.
Report of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs
Psychotropic Substances
Forum on Crime and Society
World Wildlife Crime Report
The trafficking of wildlife is increasingly recognized as both a specialized area of organized crime and a significant threat to many plant and animal species. The World Wildlife Crime Report takes stock of the present wildlife crime situation with a focus on illicit trafficking of specific protected species of wild fauna and flora and provides a broad assessment of the nature and extent of the problem at the global level. It includes a quantitative market assessment and a series of in-depth illicit trade case studies.
Global Illicit Drug Trends
First released in 1999 this report is now prepared annually by the Research Section of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) which is part of the Vienna-based United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The report takes a statistical approach to assessing the status of world supply in and demand for illicit drugs. Based on data and estimates collected or prepared by Governments and UNDCP as well as by other specialized agencies and international institutions it attempts to identify trends in the evolution of global illicit drug markets. Reporting on a largely clandestine sector where information is by definition difficult to obtain Global Illicit Drug Trends constitutes at present the most comprehensive published source of estimates and statistics on the global drug problem.
Global Study on Homicide
Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors
Narcotic Drugs
Los bancos de desarrollo en la “era de la liberalización financier”: El caso del BNDES en Brasil
En este artículo se examinan las posibles repercusiones de la política de liberalización financiera en el papel de los bancos de desarrollo y en particular del Banco Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social (bndes) como principal financiador del proceso de desarrollo económico brasileño. Se argumenta que si bien la liberalización puede promover el desenvolvimiento financiero este tiende a ocurrir de manera “incompleta” sobre todo ante las necesidades de progreso económico en los países menos desarrollados entre ellos Brasil. El análisis del caso brasileño parece confirmar esta tesis y demuestra que a pesar de la política de liberalización financiera aplicada el bndes no solo preservó sino que amplió su posición relativa en el mercado local durante el período analizado (1990-2006).
Integración regional y diversificación de exportaciones en el Mercosur: El caso de Argentina y Brasil
Se analizan los efectos del comercio argentino con sus socios del Mercosur en dos períodos clave: antes (1997-1998) y después (2005-2006) de las crisis de sus economías. Para examinar la repercusión del comercio en la regionalización de las exportaciones e importaciones de los países miembros se utilizó el índice de orientación regional empleado por Yeats al estudiar estos países para otro período. Se concluye que los resultados alcanzados por Yeats se contradicen con la realidad posterior de Argentina y Brasil a los que el Mercosur permitió mediante procesos de aprendizaje aumentar el comercio con países exteriores al bloque. Este efecto positivo se sintió principalmente en Brasil y no tanto en los demás miembros especialmente Uruguay y Paraguay debido a las asimetrías subyacentes entre las economías de estos países que determinaron que el país más grande sea el principal beneficiado de la integración hasta el presente.
América Latina: ¿cómo repercuten en los mercados y el bienestar las reformas de la política agraria y del comercio?
Los ingresos de la agricultura en la región han sido mermados debido a políticas nacionales que priorizan a los centros urbanos y menoscaban el comercio internacional. Estas políticas así como los programas de apoyo a la agricultura que aplican los países más ricos han reducido el bienestar económico y obstaculizado el comercio y el desarrollo y posiblemente acentuado la desigualdad de los ingresos. En este trabajo se resumen los resultados de un proyecto del Banco Mundial que provee: indicadores de la medida en que las políticas nacionales han modificado los incentivos de precios agrícolas; índices de equilibrio-parcial de las repercusiones de la política agrícola en el comercio y el bienestar económico; estimaciones de equilibriogeneral de los efectos retrospectivos y prospectivos de las reformas globales en el comercio el bienestar y la pobreza; comparaciones con estimaciones similares para Asia África y países de elevados ingresos y una discusión sobre las perspectivas de que se introduzcan reformas en las políticas agrícolas.
El programa Tekoporã de transferencias monetarias de Paraguay: Un debate sobre métodos de selección de beneficiarios
Se analizan aquí métodos alternativos de selección de beneficiarios para el programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas de Paraguay Tekoporã. La principal disyuntiva surge entre un índice multidimensional de calidad de vida y un análisis de prueba de medios. Se evalúa el desempeño relativo de esas dos alternativas. Las simulaciones sugieren que modificar el mecanismo de selección —sustitución del índice de calidad de vida por un análisis de prueba de medios—no ofrece ventajas en eficiencia y eficacia del programa. Si se pretende llegar más eficazmente a los pobres lo óptimo es mantener el actual mecanismo de selección con un umbral más alto y si se busca aliviar la pobreza extrema el mayor impacto en eficiencia se logra también mediante el índice de calidad de vida pero con un umbral más bajo. No obstante un umbral más alto puede ser muy beneficioso en cobertura sin incremento sustancial de la filtración.
Dinamismo tecnológico e inclusión social en América Latina: Una estrategia de desarrollo productivo basada en los recursos naturales
En este trabajo se propone una estrategia para dinamizar el desarrollo en América Latina aprovechando las oportunidades específicas del contexto actual y las ventajas que ofrece la región. Se analizan brevemente las características de la globalización y los rasgos del paradigma tecnoeconómico de la revolución de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (tic) para definir las nuevas posibilidades de mercado de posicionamiento en redes globales y de opciones tecnológicas. Desde esa perspectiva se identifican las industrias de procesos basadas en recursos naturales como un espacio complementario con la especialización de Asia en industrias de ensamblaje. Dada la baja tasa de empleo de aquellas industrias se propone una estrategia dual para promover también la creación de riqueza “desde abajo” aprovechando la nueva flexibilidad en diversidad tecnológica transporte y comercio. El propósito es estimular el debate y la experimentación en políticas y señalar direcciones de investigación al respecto.
La crisis financiera y económica de 2008 y su repercusión en el pensamiento económico
La crisis financiera y económica de 2008 tuvo múltiples consecuencias en los países de América Latina y el Caribe. Trastocó el desempeño de las economías y puso en duda paradigmas que habían orientado la política económica en la mayoría de los países. Asimismo exacerbó crecientes divergencias entre puntos de vista surgidos incluso antes de la crisis. Algunas de esas divergencias son de carácter ideológico pero otras obedecen a enfoques antagónicos sobre estrategias económicas. Entre los factores de diferenciación se encuentran primero el papel del Estado y su relación con el mercado y segundo la naturaleza y alcance de la inserción en la economía global. Aquí se abordan algunos de los rasgos de diferenciación las tensiones que generan y el futuro que deparan para la cooperación dentro de América Latina. También se señala que en este nuevo escenario marcado por cierta perplejidad se abren espacios inherentes al trabajo de la cepal.
La economía del cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe: Algunos hechos estilizados
Latin America, from boom to crisis: Macroeconomic policy challenges
This article analyses the most recent phase of growth in Latin America lasting from 2003 to late 2008 and the way the different policies applied in this period lessened its countries’ vulnerability and gave them greater macroeconomic policy space to confront the international crisis than in other negative shocks of the past. In addition it briefly surveys the main countercyclical fiscal monetary financial and exchange-rate policy measures applied in the region’s economies to mitigate and reverse the effects of the crisis. It concludes by discussing post-crisis macro policy challenges in the region.
The economics of climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean: Stylized facts
Trade unions in the “South” in the era of globalization
This article examines the effects of globalization on the trade union movement in developing countries (the “South”). It concludes first that globalization has been asymmetrical: much further-reaching for trade in goods than for capital flows weak for technology transfer and very limited in migratory flows. Second it examines the role and economic repercussions of labour unions. It finds that contrary to the orthodox view these have little negative impact on employment but do significantly reduce wage inequalities. In view of the shift in the South since the 1980s away from development strategies based on import substitution aimed at domestic markets and towards export-oriented strategies the final section proposes new tasks and priorities for unions that are more consistent with this strategic reorientation both at the national and international levels as well as within firms.
Sindicalismo en el “Sur” en la era de la globalización
Aquí se examina el efecto de la globalización en el sindicalismo en los países en desarrollo (el “Sur”). Se concluye primero que la globalización ha sido asimétrica: mucho más intensa en el comercio de bienes que en flujos de capital; débil en transferencia tecnológica y escasa en flujos migratorios. Segundo se examinan el papel y la repercusión económica de los sindicatos. Se constata que en contradicción con la ortodoxia estos tienen escasa incidencia negativa en el empleo pero reducen significativamente las desigualdades salariales. En vista del viraje registrado en el Sur a partir de los años ochenta —de estrategias de desarrollo basadas en la sustitución de importaciones para el mercado interno a estrategias orientadas a la exportación— en la última sección se proponen nuevos desempeños y énfasis para el sindicalismo más consistentes con esta reorientación estratégica tanto a nivel nacional e internacional como dentro de la propia empresa.
América Latina, del auge a la crisis: Desafíos de política macroeconómica
En este artículo se analiza la más reciente etapa de crecimiento registrada en América Latina entre 2003 y fines de 2008 y cómo las distintas políticas aplicadas en este período permitieron disminuir la vulnerabilidad y enfrentar la crisis internacional con un mayor espacio macroeconómico en relación con otros episodios de perturbaciones. A su vez se hace un breve recuento de las principales medidas de política contracíclicas en materia fiscal monetaria financiera y cambiaria que se aplicaron en las economías de la región para disminuir y revertir los efectos de la crisis. Finalmente se plantean los desafíos de la política macro en la región más allá de la coyuntura.
Restricciones estructurales del desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe: Una reflexión postcrisis
El desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe sigue siendo una tarea inconclusa. Si bien en materia macroeconómica se lograron avances que contribuyeron a enfrentar de mejor manera la reciente crisis esta ha dejado al descubierto viejas y nuevas restricciones estructurales a los países de la región que se reflejan en la persistencia de importantes brechas sociales productivas fiscales y ambientales. Cerrar estas brechas constituye una exigencia para el bienestar de las generaciones futuras y una condición de viabilidad para un desarrollo en que se combinen crecimiento económico equidad y sostenibilidad. De allí surge una reflexión más allá de lo puramente económico sobre la necesidad de que el Estado vuelva a desempeñar un papel relevante en las estrategias del desarrollo de modo que las políticas públicas sean el principal protagonista en la construcción del futuro. El objetivo mayor de este artículo es precisamente el de plantear esa reflexión.
Agricultural and trade policy reforms in Latin America: impacts on markets and welfare
Farm earnings in Latin America have been depressed by pro-urban and anti–trade biases in national policies and by the agricultural support policies of richer countries. These policies have reduced economic welfare and hampered trade and growth and may well have added to income inequality. This paper synthesizes results from a World Bank project that provides: measures of the extent to which national policies have changed farmers’ price incentives; partial equilibrium indices of the impact of farm policies on trade and economic welfare; general equilibrium estimates of trade welfare and poverty effects of global reforms retrospectively and prospectively; comparisons with similar estimates for Asia Africa and high-income countries; and a discussion of prospects for agricultural policy reform.
The financial and economic crisis of 2008 and its repercussions on economic thought
The financial and economic crisis of 2008 had multiple consequences in Latin American and Caribbean countries. It disrupted economic performance and called into question the paradigms that had steered economic policy in most countries; and it also exacerbated the growing divergences in points of view that were emerging before the crisis some of which are ideological while others reflect different approaches to economic strategies. The differentiating factors include: the role of the State and its relation to the market; and the nature and scope of participation in the global economy. This article addresses some of these divergences the tensions they generate and what the future holds for cooperation within Latin America. It also points out that in this new scenario characterized by some perplexity issues inherent to the work of ECLAC are clearly emerging.
Paraguay’s Tekoporã programme for cash transfers: Debating targeting methods for beneficiaries
This article analyses alternative targeting methods for Paraguay’s conditional cash transfer programme Tekoporã. The major practical choice is currently between a multidimensional quality-of-life index which has been used since the programme started and a proxy means test. This note evaluates the relative performance of these two alternatives. The simulations conducted herein suggest that changing the targeting mechanism from the quality-of-life index to proxy means does not offer any gains in either the efficiency or the efficacy of the programme. If the intention of policymakers is to improve efficacy in reaching the poor then maintaining the current targeting mechanism with a higher cut-off point is the best option. If the intention is to alleviate extreme poverty the most efficient impact is also given by the quality-of-life index but with a lower cut-off point. However a higher threshold may provide a considerable gain in coverage without a substantial increase in leakage.
Structural constraints on development in Latin America and the Caribbean: A post-crisis reflection
The development of Latin America and the Caribbean is still a work in progress. Although there have been macroeconomic improvements allowing the region to confront the recent crisis on a better footing this crisis has exposed old and new structural constraints faced by the countries of the region which are reflected in the persistence of large social economic fiscal and environmental gaps. These gaps need to be closed for the sake of future generations and as a precondition for viable development that combines economic growth with equality and sustainability. This suggests that there are more than just economic reasons for the State to play once again a major role in development strategies so that public policies take the lead in building the future. The main purpose of the present article is to make this argument.
Technological dynamism and social inclusion in Latin America: A resource-based production development strategy
This paper sets out a strategy for invigorating development in Latin America by taking advantage of specific opportunities in the current context and the advantages offered by the region. It briefly analyses the characteristics of globalization and the techno-economic paradigm of the information and communications technology revolution in order to identify new opportunities in terms of markets positioning in global networks and technological options. From this perspective it argues that natural resource-based process industries can complement the specialization of Asia in assembly industries. Given the low rate of employment in the former it proposes a dual strategy that includes promoting “bottom-up” wealth creation by taking advantage of the new flexibility in technological diversity transport and trade. The idea is to stimulate policy debate and experimentation and signpost some avenues of research.
Regional integration and export diversification in MERCOSUR: The case of Argentina and Brazil
This article analyses the effects of Argentina’s trade with its MERCOSUR partners in two key periods: 1997/1998 and 2005/2006 —before and after the crises suffered by the economies of this trade zone. The impact of trade on the regionalization of exports and imports was measured by the Regional Orientation Index which was used by Yeats in his study of these countries for an earlier time period. Our conclusions show that the results obtained by Yeats are inconsistent with the later reality in Argentina and Brazil since MERCOSUR enabled them to develop learning processes and grow their trade with countries outside the bloc. This positive impact was mainly felt in Brazil however and less in the other partners particularly Uruguay and Paraguay —owing to the underlying asymmetries between these economies. As a result the largest MERCOSUR country has been the main beneficiary of integration thus far.
Development banks in the financial-liberalization era: The case of BNDES in Brazil
This article considers the potential repercussions of financial liberalization on the role played by development banks particularly the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) as the main source of funding for Brazil’s economic development process. Although liberalization can foster financial development the latter tends to respond incompletely to the needs of economic development in less developed countries such as Brazil. Analysis of the Brazilian case seems to confirm this thesis and shows that BNDES not only preserved but actually expanded its position on the domestic market in 1990-2006 despite the financial-liberalization policy that was implemented in that period.
India: Heritage theft remains a challenge
Faced with an increasing demand for its art objects in the global antiquities market India has introduced strict laws to curb the illicit export of its archaeological and cultural heritage. However the implementation of these laws remains a major challenge due to the poverty that fuels looting and the lack of adequate security to protect historical monuments.
Argentina: At the forefront of restitution
Since 2004 Argentina has returned nearly 5000 cultural objects seized on its territory to their countries of origin. A greater recognition of the art of pre-Columbian civilizations and the adoption of a law protecting archaeological and palaeontological heritage are at the origin of this new policy.
The 1970 convention: Cultural diversity before the letter of the law
Adopted in 1970 the UNESCO Convention is a prominent legal instrument in the fight against looting and illicit trafficking. By laying down the principles of shared responsibility and cultural equity it has also opened the way to the right of peoples to enjoy their own cultural heritage.
China: Bronzes from around the world reunite in a digital museum
A new kind of museum in Tongling China virtually displays ancient copper and bronze objects from the Han dynasty many of which have found their way to museums abroad. It foretells the future of digital museums institutions capable of sharing their resources and offering unprecedented access to their collections to global audiences.
Wide angle: 50 years of the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural goods
Half a century after its adoption the UNESCO 1970 Convention against the illicit trafficking of cultural property is still a major instrument to stem this scourge. Over the last fifty years the fight against this underground trade has intensified and awareness of the moral damage caused by the plunder has grown. But the craze for these objects the prices of which have skyrocketed; the leniency of sanctions and the vulnerability of sites in conflict zones are all challenges that need to be addressed to curb the trafficking of what some call blood antiquities.
The Netherlands: Museums confront the country’s colonial past
The pioneering Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (The National Museum of World Cultures) in the Netherlands was one of the first museums in Europe to develop mechanisms for repatriating artefacts looted from former colonies.
The art market: A victim of its own success
The very lucrative black market in works of art and antiques has flourished thanks to the keen interest of buyers shortcomings in legislation the complicity of those in the sector an increase in looting in countries in conflict situations and the development of online sales platforms.
“We must punish the looters, but also the buyers”
The trafficking in antiquities from war zones in the Middle East has grown steadily over the past two decades. While there is international consensus on condemning this illicit trade it remains difficult to combat it in practice. One way to stop it is to increase sanctions on buyers says Amr Al-Azm an archaeologist and professor of Middle East history and anthropology at Shawnee State University in Ohio United States.
Zoom: When jazz fever gripped the townships
Jürgen Schadeberg (1931-2020) the photographer who chronicled apartheid also documented the evolution of South African jazz for almost sixty years.
Mapping the world: Beirut: Rebuilding the future through education and culture
Already reeling from the economic crisis and the global pandemic Beirut was rocked by two deadly explosions on 4 August 2020. The blasts claimed nearly 200 lives left thousands wounded and ravaged a large area at the heart of the Lebanese capital.
Greece: The itinerary of a stolen stele
This is the story of a Greek funerary stele from the fourth century BC put up for sale by an international auction house in 2017. The piece was not withdrawn from the auction catalogue even after the warnings of an expert regarding its dubious provenance backed by solid evidence. It would take over a year and numerous initiatives before the stele was finally returned to the Greek authorities.
Ideas: Racism: Confronting the unthinkable
The police brutality that came into focus in the United States in spring 2020 sparked a wave of protests that extended far beyond the countrys borders. Racism whether systemic or ordinary remains deeply rooted in the minds and workings of contemporary societies the author argues.
Our guests: “We must educate algorithms”
Sexist algorithms? The question may seem odd. Coded by humans the algorithms used by artificial intelligence are not free of stereotypes. But while they can induce sexist or racist biases they can also be used to advance the cause of gender equality. This is what Aude Bernheim and Flora Vincent demonstrate in their book LIntelligence artificielle pas sans elles! (Artificial intelligence not without women!).
Social networks: The new El Dorado for traffickers
Auction sites and social networks have in the last few years become hubs for the illicit trafficking of cultural goods. Though Facebook recently banned the trade in antiquities on its platform much remains to be done to curb this relatively recent marketplace which offers traffickers a global showcase.
COVID-19 pandemic and gender aspects
The year 2020 marks two important landmarks in gender equality achievement: the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action and the 20th year of implementing Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women Peace and Security. Unfortunately the Covid-19 pandemic caused cancellation and postponement of many important international meetings including a shortened version of the 64th session of the Commission on the Status of Women but it is also risking to heavily jeopardize the progress made over recent years.
Cyber-crime during the COVID-19 pandemic
The pandemic of COVID-19 and the imposed lockdown has led to more people to be confined at home with many more hours to spend online each day and increasingly relying on the Internet to access services they normally obtain offline.
How organized crime is expanding during the COVID-19 crisis
Over the last century organized crime has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to rapidly adapt to mutated social political and economic conditions. While in some cases this adaptation was the result of a reactive response to improved legislation targeting their interests in many others it was ignited by the pursuit of new possibilities for economic profit. Examples in this sense include how quickly criminal groups adapted to new scenarios created for instance by geopolitical changes the integration of global markets or the generalized use of the world wide web as a marketplace for a variety of licit and illicit goods and services.
The principles of equality and non-discrimination under viral attack: Stigma, hate speech, xenophobia, racism and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic
The principle of equality – the belief that all human beings are born free and equal – along with the correlated prohibition on discrimination are foundations of society. Equality is one of the most basic aspects of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and a pillar on which the United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945. Yet following the emergence of the coronavirus in December 2019 this long-established fundamental human right is being increasingly threatened. Indeed as the UN Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues Fernand de Varennes observed “COVID-19 is not just a health issue; it can also be a virus that exacerbates xenophobia hate and exclusion.”
Nos invitées: « Il faut éduquer les algorithmes »
Sexistes les algorithmes ? La question peut paraître incongrue. Codés par des humains les algorithmes utilisés par lintelligence artificielle néchappent pourtant pas aux stéréotypes. Mais sils peuvent induire des biais sexistes ou racistes ils peuvent aussi servir à faire avancer la cause de légalité. Cest ce que montrent Aude Bernheim et Flora Vincent dans un ouvrage intitulé LIntelligence artificielle pas sans elles !
Le marché de l’art victime de son succès
Très lucratif le marché noir dobjets dart et dantiquité a prospéré notamment grâce à lengouement des acheteurs aux carences des législations à la complicité dacteurs du secteur à la multiplication des pillages dans les pays en situation de conflit et au développement des plateformes de vente en ligne.
Community resilience: Insights from UNICRI experience in the Sahel-Maghreb
In physics “resilience” is a measure of how well a material such as rubber or metal responds to pressure by bending adapting and changing without breaking. However this concept is more than a scientific term. Resiliency can also describe a community’s ability to bounce back from pressures including natural disasters economic downturns and - in the case of UNICRI’s Pilot Project on Countering Radicalisation and Violent Extremism in the Sahel-Maghreb - violence and terrorism. In the Sahel and Maghreb the pressure on communities is certainly intense and ever-growing. Conflicts in Libya and Mali threaten to spill over porous borders while drought and desertification have increased food insecurity and heightened intercommunal tensions. Increasingly active extremist militant groups have brought violence and chased out tourists which once had been an importance source of income. Now more than ever an approach aimed at building the resilience at a community level is needed - one that can empower communities to respond to these pressures by adapting and changing without “breaking” and entering into conflict.
No one is left behind in the fight of the EU against violent extremism
31st January 2019 at the European Parliament in Brussels several officials experts researchers and journalists concerned with finding solutions to the rise of violent extremism in the Maghreb and Sahel region gathered to share insights on a 5 million euros European Union (EU) funded programme implemented by UNICRI.
Youth: The phenomenon of returning foreign terrorist fighters and its challenges
The phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) is a matter of great concern for the international community. Newspapers and media are full of stories pertaining to the radicalization of young people who left their country of origin to engage in violent extremism in other countries.
The resiliency of the UN staff member’s oath of office
This is not the first time that I have been asked how we can succeed in advancing the values of the United Nations in the most critical situations. It is a good question. Even those who have served in peace missions for over thirty years cannot provide a single answer to this question.
Infocus: The companion to international humanitarian law. A practical approach to the dissemination of International Humanitarian Law
Lived-experience-and-strengths-based strategies for persons with mental illness who offended and their family members
This essay describes lived-experience based strategies for persons with mental illness who offended (PMIO) and their families. These recommendations are derived from the results of a multidisciplinary research project which aimed to develop multidisciplinary strengths-based strategies for PMIO and their families. These recommendations can inspire a broad range of practitioners and policy makers from the criminal justice system as well as the mental health systems working with PMIO and their family.
Youth engagement and resilience against violent extremism in the Sahel
On the sidelines of the 74th session of UNGA on 24 September 2019 UNICRI the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT) and the Global Center on Cooperative Security (the Global Centre) - in collaboration with the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations - organised a panel on the critical role that youth play across the Sahel in preventing and countering violent extremism.
The process to radicalization and violentization
During these last years some countries around the world have been attacked by terrorists’ violence and the number of citizens who choose to become foreign fighters has increased.
Coronavirus: In Timbuktu youth is at the forefront of raising awareness against COVID-19
In its efforts to raise awareness against the coronavirus the association “The voice of the students of Timbuktu” has just trained around thirty young people in respect of measures to stop the contagion. The training can be recognized as a means to strengthen the prevention of COVID-19 in Timbuktu where nothing seems to worry the population.
The young people of Mali: Key players against COVID-19
The world is shaken by an unprecedented health crisis. Its multiple ravages are echoing all over the world and the media seem to revel in it as information concerning the situation becomes vital. Needless to say Covid-19 made its appearance at the end of 2019 in Wuhan the capital of the province of Hubei in China and at the start of 2020 continued to spread in an overpowering and dominant way not only characterized by its speed but also in its capacity of adaptation across all continents of the world. China has been overwhelmed. In France there are no longer yellow vest protests. Italy no longer sings and the art world present in the country has closed its doors. It would seem that America in tears suddenly forgot its superpower. The virus rapidly spread also in Latin America with more than 11 thousand cases in 24 hours in Brazil. All of this to show the very serious impact that Covid-19 has provoked on daily life around the world. In fact on March 11 it qualified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) exceeding the number of 100 infected countries to all areas of the globe.
L’Argentine, pays champion des restitutions
Depuis 2004 lArgentine a rendu à leur pays dorigine près de 5 000 biens culturels saisis sur son sol. Une plus grande reconnaissance de lart des civilisations préhispaniques et ladoption dune loi protégeant le patrimoine archéologique et paléontologique sont à lorigine de cette nouvelle politique.
Zoom: Quand la fièvre du jazz gagnait les townships
Auteur dune chronique en images de lapartheid Jürgen Schadeberg (1931-2020) a aussi documenté lévolution du jazz sud-africain pendant près de 60 ans1. La rencontre de ce photographe exceptionnel avec une époque marquante et un milieu musical effervescent et contestataire a donné lieu à une série dimages riche et authentique qui a valeur de document historique.
Décryptage: Beyrouth : Se reconstruire grâce à l’éducation et la culture
Déjà ébranlé par la crise économique et la pandémie mondiale le Liban a été frappé par deux explosions meurtrières qui ont fait près de 200 victimes et détruit une partie de la capitale Beyrouth le 4 août 2020.
Itinéraire d’une antiquité volée
Cest lhistoire dune stèle funéraire grecque datant du ive siècle avant J.-C. mise en vente par une célèbre maison denchères en 2017. Malgré les mises en garde dun expert concernant sa provenance douteuse et les preuves avancées la pièce nest pas retirée du catalogue. Il faudra plus dun an et de nombreuses démarches pour que la stèle soit finalement restituée aux autorités grecques. Récit.
Aux Pays-Bas, le regard sans concession des musées sur le passé colonial.
Le Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen ou Musée national des cultures du monde fait figure de pionnier. Il a été lun des premiers musées dEurope à mettre en place des mécanismes de restitution des objets issus des anciennes colonies.
« Il faut aussi sanctionner les acquéreurs »
Le trafic dantiquités en provenance de zones de guerre du Moyen-Orient na cessé de prendre de lampleur au cours des vingt dernières années. Si la condamnation de ce trafic fait consensus à léchelle internationale il reste dans les faits difficile à combattre. Pour enrayer ce fléau il faut notamment alourdir les sanctions visant les acquéreurs explique Amr Al-Azm archéologue et professeur dhistoire et danthropologie du Moyen-Orient à luniversité de Shawnee State en Ohio aux États-Unis.
Convention de 1970 : la diversité culturelle avant la lettre
Instrument juridique de premier plan pour lutter contre le pillage et le trafic illicite la Convention de lUNESCO adoptée en 1970 en posant les principes de responsabilité partagée et déquité culturelle a aussi ouvert la voie au droit des peuples à disposer de leur culture.
Idées: Racisme : Affronter nos impensés
Les violences policières survenues au printemps dernier aux États-Unis ont suscité un mouvement de protestation qui a largement dépassé les frontières américaines. Quil soit ordinaire ou systémique le racisme reste profondément ancré dans les esprits et les rouages des sociétés contemporaines insiste la romancière Véronique Tadjo.
L’Inde au défi du pillage
Confronté à un engouement mondial pour ses antiquités le pays a adopté des lois strictes pour juguler lexportation illicite de son patrimoine archéologique et culturel. Mais la mise en oeuvre de ces lois reste un défi majeur en raison de la pauvreté qui alimente le pillage et de linsuffisance du personnel de surveillance des sites.
Grand angle: Trafic illicite des biens culturels, 50 ans de lutte
50 ans après son adoption la Convention de lUNESCO sur le trafic illicite des biens culturels est toujours linstrument majeur pour endiguer ce fléau. En un demi-siècle la lutte contre ce commerce souterrain sest intensifiée et la prise de conscience du préjudice moral que constituent les pillages a progressé. Mais lengouement pour des objets dont le prix sest envolé la modération des sanctions et la vulnérabilité des sites se trouvant dans les zones de conflit sont autant de défis à relever pour faire reculer le trafic de ce que certains désignent comme « les antiquités de sang ».
Les réseaux sociaux, nouvel eldorado des trafiquants
Les sites de ventes aux enchères et les réseaux sociaux sont devenus en quelques années des plaques tournantes du trafic illicite des biens culturels. Si Facebook a récemment proscrit le commerce des antiquités sur sa plateforme il reste beaucoup à faire pour juguler ce commerce qui offre aux trafiquants une vitrine planétaire.
Des bronzes chinois du monde entier réunis dans un musée virtuel.
À Tongling en Chine orientale un musée dun genre nouveau présente virtuellement des objets de cuivre et des bronzes millénaires datant de la dynastie Han dont beaucoup se trouvent à létranger. Il préfigure ce que pourraient être les musées numériques de demain : des acteurs capables de partager leurs ressources et doffrir un accès sans précédent à leurs collections.
No place for young people
In this very moment there are young people who are leaving home to build a future in the best universities of the world but there are also young people crossing the desert to join groups of fighters and young people trying to cross the sea in small boats to escape their harsh circumstances and hope to find something better.
Coronavirus as a burning glass for digital risks?
The digital space represents a global interaction and communication sphere for all people. In this sphere children connect with young people and adults across almost all countries cultures and age groups. The constant improvement and implementation of automatic translation programs for example in social media also means that language barriers in the digital space are becoming increasingly blurred. This evolution which is actually to be welcomed promises at best the emergence of a kind of Internet-based global society but it also presents a dark side. Criminology assumes that many forms of crime - regardless of the respective national criminal law - typically arise from interaction between people. There are few arguments to argue against the fact that this is not the case on the Internet - which actually makes it the first truly widespread and global crime scene in the world. Children too are a natural part of this educated global scene (or space) and are thus exposed to the digital forms of crime that go hand in hand with it. At the European level children aged 9-16 spend an average of 167 minutes each day online (Smahel et al. 2019). In Germany alone 97 percent of minors aged 12 and over use the Internet several times a week (Feierabend et al. 2020). Children are also intrinsically confronted with the digital risks of this area. These risks range from cybergrooming and sexual harassment in social media and online games to the confrontation with extremism and violent content to risks such as cyberbullying and stalking (cf. Bötticher 2020; Gabriel 2020; Rüdiger 2020). Almost 25 percent of children in the European Union who use the Internet have already reported having had at least one negative online experience in the past year (Smahel et al. 2019). The U-25 study from Germany even speaks of minors perceiving the Internet as a culture of injustice (Borchard et al. 2018).
Gender in the digital age: Exploring innovative practices and Women’s involvement
In our contemporary globalized world women and adolescent girls in various countries across the globe continue to face constant hardships and obstacles ranging from gender-based violence to prevalent gender inequalities and deeply rooted gendered socio-cultural norms which hinder their emancipation and development and negatively impact the implementation of gender equality and rights. Despite these circumstances different advancements such as emerging innovative solutions and technologies can play a significant role in relation to the development and empowerment of women in various sectors of society globally. It thus becomes ever more necessary to apply cross-cutting approaches such as a critical gender lens and a rights-based approach1 to a wide range of development sectors and issue areas including but not limited to education political participation and economic development while considering at the same time the role that technology can have in these domains and analyzing its socio-cultural global implications.