Viet Nam
Bridging the productivity gap: A comparative analysis of foreign-owned and domestic firms in Viet Nam
This study investigates the productivity gap between foreign-owned and domestic firms in Viet Nam. Using quantile regression estimation for the period of 2011–2020 the study first examines the impact of firms’ specifics and of provincial governance quality on firms’ total factor productivity at different points of the productivity distribution. The results show that labour productivity market share and return on assets appear to significantly affect firm productivity regardless of firm groups or quantiles. To understand the productivity gap between foreign and domestic firms the study uses the quantile decomposition approach to differentiate the factors that contribute to the gap at different quantiles. Our findings reveal that across quantiles most of the productivity gap is explained by firms’ specifics especially labour productivity. To address the productivity gap between foreign-owned and domestic firms in Viet Nam policymakers should focus on enhancing domestic firms’ access to technology firms’ experience and human capital development as firm-specific factors appear to be major contributors to the productivity differential. In addition improving provincial governance quality and creating an enabling environment for both foreign-owned and domestic firms can further stimulate productivity growth and foster healthy competition in the manufacturing sector.
Foreign investment and female employment in Viet Nam
This paper investigates how the interplay between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the availability of technology affects labour market outcomes for women in Viet Nam. Using household surveys we explore the relationship between industrial exposure to FDI access to technology and employment and wages. We find that FDI is associated with increases in employment and wages by more in hightechnology areas of the country. In areas of the country with weak technology foreign investment is associated with lower employment and lower wages particularly for men. Together these results highlight the importance of absorptive capacity; that is to truly benefit from foreign investment the domestic economy needs a sound education system and established technology. We also find that an equal increase in foreign investment in high-tech provinces is associated with larger increases in top wages for men than for women. In general these results suggest that foreign investment may be associated with a rising gender wage gap at the high end of the wage distribution.
Незаконная торговля рогом носорога в Нхи-Кхе, Вьетнам
Деревня Нхи-Кхе во Вьетнаме обслуживает туристов которые интересуются главным образом сделанными из рога носорога декоративными предметами а не лекарствами. На основе данных о местных продажных ценах в настоящем исследовании делается вывод что средняя цена на сырье из рога гораздо ниже обычно указываемой цены: около 26 000 долл. США за килограмм а не 60 000 долл. США которые нередко упоминаются. Неясно отражает ли эта разница тенденцию к снижению цены на рог или просто свидетельствует об искусственном завышении этой цены в прошлом. Если верно в последнем случае то это вызывает тревогу поскольку завышенная стоимость может действительно стать стимулом для дальнейших преступлений в отношении дикой природы. В исследовании также показано что продолжение падения цены в течение 26 месяцев наблюдений до уровня 18 000 долл. США свидетельствует о возможном превышении предложения над спросом. Это могло бы стать хорошей новостью для носорогов по крайней мере в краткосрочной перспективе.
越南泥坷村(Nhi Khe)的非法犀牛角贸易
越南的泥坷村(Nhi Khe)招揽和迎合的游客主要是对犀牛角制成的装饰 物感兴趣,而非药物。根据在现场询问下来的各种销售价格,研究人员 发现生犀角的平均价格比通常报道的要低得多:即每公斤约26000美元, 而不是一直广为传说的每公斤6万美元。目前尚不清楚的是,此种差异 表明了犀角价格不断下跌的趋势,抑或仅仅是过去夸大其词的产物。如 果是后者,那情况就太令人不安了,因为犀角价值被如此夸大无异于诱 导和刺激进一步的野生生物犯罪。研究人员还发现,在为时26个月的观 察期内,犀角价格出现了进一步下降,降至每公斤约18000万美元,这 表明供应量可能已经超过需求量。这对犀牛来说可能是个好消息,至少 在短期内是如此。
No. 51209. International Development Association and Viet Nam
Financing Agreement (Industrial Pollution Management Project) between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the International Development Association (with schedules appendix and International Development Association General Conditions for Credits and Grants dated 31 July 2010). Hanoi 24 December 2012
No. 44928. International Development Association and Viet Nam
Financing Agreement (Mekong Delta Transport Infrastructure Development Project) Between The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and The International Development Association. Hanoi 22 November 2007 [United Nations Treaty Series vol. 2516 I-44928.]
No. 51354. International Development Association and Viet Nam
Financing Agreement (Results-Based Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Under the National Target Program) between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the International Development Association (with schedules appendix and International Development Association General Conditions for Credits and Grants dated 31 July 2010). Hanoi 22 February 2013
No. 50921. United States of America and Viet Nam
Agreement on scientific and technological cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (with annexes). Hanoi 17 November 2000
No. 50954. Japan and Viet Nam
Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam for cooperation in the development and peaceful uses of nuclear energy (with annexes and agreed minutes). Hanoi 20 January 2011
Strengthening coherence and synergies of international investment agreements with national legal investment frameworks for sustainable development: Case studies of Thailand and Viet Nam
As laid out in the introduction of this volume FDI is a key source of capital technology and access to markets for recipient countries and it has therefore become an invaluable mechanism for boosting developing countries’ economic growth and development. With the mainstreaming of the sustainable development agenda globally recipient countries have started to prioritize increasing both the quantity and quality of FDI they attract. As was discussed in chapter 2 sustainable development-oriented IIAs can be an effective tool for helping countries achieve this; but much progress still needs to be made in terms of concluding and reforming the IIA regime in Asia-Pacific to make it more sustainable-development oriented. Aside from increasing the number and extent of sustainable development provisions in their IIAs as suggested by the analysis in chapter 2 another avenue countries in the region could pursue to ensure that IIAs are broadly consistent with their individual sustainable development objectives and priorities would be to focus on improving FDI governance frameworks. To this end this chapter suggests that it is of paramount importance that efforts in this vein especially focus on improving the coherence consistency and interaction between domestic and international investment governance frameworks. This refers to both domestic investment laws and regulations as well as IIAs including BITs and TIPs.