Maximizing human development outcomes of labour migration in Africa

The chapter examines labour migration in Africa in the context of human development and highlights the main labour migration trends, its governance and collaboration frameworks governing labour migration in Africa. The five thematic pillars for enhancing labour migration governance are discussed, highlighting the following: (a) coherence of existing policies and strengthened capacities; (b) bilateral and regional cooperation; (c) social protection; (d) quality and availability of labour migration data; and (e) skills development, matching and recognition. It is noted that though demand for highly skilled workers in sectors such as engineering drives migration across the continent, most migrants are concentrated in low-skilled occupations and sectors often characterized by poor working conditions and low wages. The chapter also cites that migrant women are more likely than migrant men to be in vulnerable forms of employment. In response to protection gaps affecting migrant domestic workers, several African countries have sought to conclude bilateral labour arrangements with major destination countries to better regulate labour migration flows. Poorly governed labour migration can increase irregular migration, perpetuate exploitation and governance challenges for countries of origin, transit and destination. The Protocol on Free Movement of Persons and of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) underscore the need for strong labour market institutions and governance with appropriate protection of the rights of migrant workers.

Sustainable Development Goals:

Life on Land