Argentina

The objective of this study is to analyse the determinants of the quality of education in Argentina and, in particular, to look at what influence a school’s ownership structure has. A multilevel regression model and 2006 data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (pisa) were used for this purpose. One of the main findings is that the correlation between a school’s administrative structure (public or private) and its students’ scholastic performance fades when the socioeconomic school environment is taken into consideration.

This study analyses the determinants of firm dynamics in developing countries, using Argentina as an illustrative case. It explains firm entry and exit at the regional level, distinguishing three groups of manufacturing activities: low-, medium- and high-tech. The study finds that both region- and sector- specific determinants explain firm dynamics, but the impact is not homogeneous across sectors. In particular, for low-tech industries, there is a need for explanatory variables as a proxy for the specificities of developing economies (poverty, informal economy and idle capacity). There is also evidence of a core-periphery pattern according to which agglomeration economies and previous entries/exits have different effects in core and peripheral regions. These results are relevant for policymakers in developing countries, who should take into account not only the specificities of such economies, but also the regional heterogeneity both in terms of the level of development and industrial composition within the country.

The Argentine economy has been becoming greener because of a new political orientation, international commitments (the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development) and private sector initiatives. This transition is having economic and social impacts. The aim of the present article is to determine the potential of the economy to create green jobs that protect workers and the environment. In 2015, 7% of formal jobs were green and presented better average employment conditions than the rest. They were predominantly in goods production and the provision of urban services, such as sanitation and transport. Regulations and public policies seem to be the main factors driving green job creation, with consumption still playing a minor role. For the transition to a green economy to be fair, policies must take account of the employment dimension in order to initiate a virtuous circle leading to a more productive, inclusive and environmentally friendly economy.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the gender dimension into the analysis of tax incidence in Argentina. To that end, the impact of direct and indirect taxes on income and distribution by gender is calculated to establish the progressivity of taxes and the effects on gender equity when household classifications are analysed. The findings show that while the tax system is moderately progressive and the heaviest burden falls on households with male breadwinners, differences emerge when the impact of indirect and direct taxes is considered separately. The indirect tax system is heavily regressive and female-breadwinner households bear the largest burden, since they are concentrated in the lower income brackets. Households with children bear the highest direct tax burden, particularly male-breadwinner and dual-earner households.

This article describes the most recent pension reforms in Argentina and Chile. The previous reforms, implemented in the 1980s and 1990s, aimed to improve long-term fiscal sustainability and institutional design of the systems, shifting part of the social and economic risks away from the State and on to participants. In recent years, the authorities in both countries identified the main problems facing current pension systems as inadequate coverage for older adults and the low level of benefits. The two countries have responded differently, however, owing to institutional and political divergences. In Chile, a lengthy participatory process resulted in a wide-ranging reform targeting medium-term effects through carefully calibrated adjustments. In contrast, the reforms in Argentina were made through a succession of corrections, with little public discussion of their implications or effects on coverage and fiscal needs.

This article analyses the impact of public-sector support programmes on the recent performance of the computer software and services sector in Argentina. First, the effect of these programmes on firms’ innovation performance is studied, with a propensity score matching technique used to calculate the average treatment effect on treated firms. The results confirm that receiving public funds had a positive impact on the ratio between research and development (R&D) spending and sales, employment in R&D and the propensity to introduce new products or processes. The effect of policy intervention on firms’ economic performance is then analysed, with an instrumental variables design being used in this case. The results show a positive impact on the propensity to export, export intensity and employment growth.

The objective of this article is to analyse the economic behaviour of manufactured exports as one of the modalities assumed by the process of industrialization of Argentina during the period from 1973 to 1986. To that end, we analyse the export opening of industry; the presence of manufacturing in export flows; the modifications in sectoral composition; the changes in the real trajectory of foreign sales; and essentially the association between industrial development and manufactured exports.

Since 2004, Argentina has returned nearly 5,000 cultural objects seized on its territory to their countries of origin. A greater recognition of the art of pre-Columbian civilizations and the adoption of a law protecting archaeological and palaeontological heritage are at the origin of this new policy.