Bosnia and Herzegovina
Valid recommendations from the first Environmental Performance Reviews not covered in second EPR chapters
may 2013
Chapter
Road transport is the most important transport mode for passengers, and traffic is a major source of air pollution in the cities. The number of registered vehicles has significantly increased over the past years and will probably continue to do so in the coming years, aggravating the pressure on air quality.
Waste management
may 2013
Chapter
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has made progress in the area of waste management since the last EPR in 2003. The construction of regional sanitary landfills has started, 10-15 per cent of illegal dumpsites have been closed, and efforts have been made to remove the accumulated hazardous/chemical waste. An effort to collect data on waste is underway, whilst framework laws have been established, as has complementary secondary legislation for implementation, although a lot still needs to be done in this area.
Implementation of international agreements and commitments
may 2013
Chapter
Since the first Environmental Performance Reviews (EPR), major steps have been taken to strengthen international cooperation and the participation of the country in international agreements. Since 2004, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has ratified seven conventions and two protocols (see annex II) and the Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents is in the process of being ratified. Although it was recommended in the first EPR, Bosnia and Herzegovina has still not acceded to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention), or the protocols to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP).
Sustainable management of water resources
may 2013
Chapter
The hydro-geographical position of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) extends across two sub-catchment areas: the Adriatic Sea basin covering 24.3 per cent of the country and the Black Sea river basin covering 75.7 per cent of the country. The main water courses of the Black Sea basin are the Una, Vrbas, Ukrina, Bosna and Drina rivers. In the Adriatic Sea catchment area, the main rivers are the Neretva, Trebisnjica and Cetina rivers. One of the basic characteristics of the hydrographic network in BiH is that a high proportion of the water courses form part of international water courses.
Executive summary
may 2013
Chapter
The first Environmental Performance Reviews (EPR) of Bosnia and Herzegovina was carried out in 2003. This second review intends to measure the progress made by Bosnia and Herzegovina in managing its environment since the first EPR and in addressing upcoming environmental challenges.
Foreword
may 2013
Chapter
Environmental Performance Reviews (EPRs) for countries with economies in transition were initiated by Environment Ministers at the second Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference, held in Lucerne, Switzerland, in 1993. Subsequently, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Committee on Environmental Policy decided to make the EPRs part of its regular programme. The first cycle of reviews that began in 1994 covered 23 countries from the UNECE region and was carried out until 2004.
Preface
may 2013
Chapter
The second Environmental Performance Reviews (EPR) of Bosnia and Herzegovina began in January 2010 with a preparatory mission. During this mission, the final structure of the report was discussed and established. A review mission took place from 24 May until 3 June 2010. The team of international experts taking part included experts from Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands and Russian Federation, as well as from the secretariats of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
Economic instruments and expenditure for environmental protection
may 2013
Chapter
Since the first EPR, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has continued the process of developing and defining its environmental priorities and policies, including with regard to economic instruments. At the time of the second EPR review, evidence shows that in most cases the current policy of the Government of BiH is to manage environmental problems with regulatory instruments and not through market incentives that could rectify the incorrect pricing of environmental services in the country.
Monitoring, information, public participation and education
may 2013
Chapter
A significant amount of ambient air quality measurement is currently carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). There are many useful data showing the historical trends in concentrations and the spatial distributions of concentrations in a few urban areas. Air quality monitoring is carried out, either by public institutions or by the polluters, in most of the hot spots in the country. The current air-quality monitoring network is presented in table 3.1.
Climate change and environment
may 2013
Chapter
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2000 and the Kyoto Protocol in April 2008. As a non-Annex I country, BiH has only general obligations. In accordance with Article 4 of UNFCCC, BiH should fulfil those general obligations to be eligible for technical and economic assistance.
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