1945

India

No. 42990. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and India

Main Title: Treaty Series 2383
Sep 2010
Chapter
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs

Loan Agreement (Karnataka Municipal Reform Project) between India and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements for Single Currency Loans dated 30 May 1995, as amended through 1 May 2004). New Delhi, 2 May 2006

No. 45081. Cyprus and India

Main Title: Treaty Series 2523
Dec 2011
Chapter
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Cyprus and the Government of the Republic of India on combating international terrorism, organized crime and illicit drug trafficking. Nicosia, 25 May 2007

No. 43035. Germany and India

Main Title: Treaty Series 2385
Jun 2010
Chapter
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs

Arrangement between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Government of the Republic of India concerning technical cooperation in the project "Improvement in Productivity of Maintenance Depots of Indian Railways". New Delhi, 25 July 2000 and 15 September 2000

No. 43048. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and India

Main Title: Treaty Series 2385
Jun 2010
Chapter
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs

Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of India on the transfer of sentenced persons. New Delhi, 18 February 2005

No. 48549. Germany and India

Main Title: Treaty Series 2753
Dec 2015
Chapter
United Nations
Agreement between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Government of the Republic of India concerning financial cooperation in 1996. Bonn, 5 June 1997

No. 48550. Germany and India

Main Title: Treaty Series 2753
Dec 2015
Chapter
United Nations
Agreement between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Government of the Republic of India concerning financial cooperation in 1997. Bonn, 5 June 1997

No. 48514. International Development Association and India

Feb 2016
Chapter
United Nations
Financing Agreement (Bihar – Kosi Flood Recovery Project) between India and the International Development Association (with schedules, appendix and International Development Association General Conditions for Credits and Grants, dated 1 July 2005, as amended through 15 October 2006). Patna, 12 January 2011

Poverty Reduction in China and India

Jan 2010
Working Paper
Jayati Ghosh
This paper compares the experience of poverty reduction in China and India. It finds that more than economic growth per se, what has mattered crucially is the nature of the growth: whether it is associated with growing inequalities that do not allow the benefits of growth to reach the poor; whether the structural change involved in the growth process generates sufficient opportunities for productive non-agricultural employment; whether basic needs and essential social services are provided. Government mediation of these and of global economic integration is important in determining different outcomes.

Corporal Punishment in Schools

Nov 2015
Working Paper
María José Ogando Portela and Kirrily Pells

Globally the use of corporal punishment in schools is increasingly prohibited in law, yet in many contexts its use continues, even where outlawed. Proponents argue that it is an effective and non-harmful means of instilling discipline, respect and obedience into children, while others point to a series of detrimental effects, including poor academic performance, low class participation, school dropout and declining psychosocial well-being. Establishing whether corporal punishment has lasting effects on children’s cognitive development and psychosocial well-being has been hampered by a lack of longitudinal data, especially from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. This paper is a contribution to the UNICEF Multi-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Children which is analysing how structural factors interact to affect everyday violence in children’s homes and communities in order to better inform national strategies for violence prevention. The paper brings together a life course and structural determinants framework with Young Lives longitudinal data collected over four rounds on two cohorts of children in four countries: Ethiopia, India (the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru and Viet Nam.

Experiences of Peer Bullying among Adolescents and Associated Effects on Young Adult Outcomes

Sep 2016
Working Paper
Kirrily Pells, María José Ogando Portela and Patricia Espinoza Revollo

Being bullied has been found to have a significant impact on children’s physical and mental health, psychosocial well-being and educational performance, with lasting effects into adulthood on health, well-being and lifetime earnings. Little is known about bullying in low- and middle-income countries, however. This study uses a mixed methods approach combining survey analysis of the predictors and associations with being bullied, with qualitative data to explore the context in which bullying occurs and the social processes that underpin it. Findings show that better data collection and increased resource allocation to bullying prevention are needed. The development and evaluation of different types of effective, sustainable and scalable bullying prevention models in low- and middle-income country contexts are priorities for programming and research.

Programmes to Protect the Hungry

Oct 2008
Working Paper
Madhura Swaminathan
Evidence on calorie intake and nutritional outcomes establishes that chronic hunger and food insecurity persist today on a mass scale in India. The liberalization-induced policy of narrow targeting of the Public Distribution System (PDS), a programme of food security that provides a minimum quantity of cereals at subsidized prices, has resulted in worsening food insecurity. Recent evidence from the 61st round of the National Sample Survey in 2004-2005 establishes that targeting has led to high rates of exclusion of needy households from the system and clear deterioration of coverage in States like Kerala where the universal PDS was most effective.

Understanding Children’s Experiences of Violence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India

Nov 2016
Working Paper
Virginia Morrow and Renu Singh
This paper explores children’s accounts of violence in Andhra Pradesh, India, and the ways in which factors at the individual, family, community, institutional and society levels affect children’s experiences of violence. The paper analyses cross-sectional survey data and case studies from longitudinal qualitative data gathered over a seven-year period, from Young Lives. The paper is divided into four sections – a brief background section, study design and methods, findings from the survey, and findings from case studies. Large proportions of children experience violence (mostly physical punishment and emotional abuse) within their families, at school and, to some extent, within their communities. The findings demonstrate how children’s experiences of violence change with age and that gender differences within this dynamic process are very distinct. The paper reveals that a child’s disapproval of violence does not necessarily influence behaviour in later life, confirming the need for interventions to prevent and tackle violence as children grow up. More promisingly, children also describe strategies through which to protect themselves from violence and the threat of violence. The paper contributes to knowledge about the nature and experience of violence among children in resource poor settings, and concludes with some suggestions for policy, programming and practice.

Inequality in India: A Survey of Recent Trends

Jul 2007
Working Paper
Parthapratim Pal and Jayati Ghosh
This paper analyses the nature and causes of the patterns of inequality and poverty in India. Since the economic liberalization in the early 1990s, the evidence suggests increasing inequality (in both spatial and vertical terms) as well as persistent poverty. The macroeconomic policies possibly responsible for these trends include—fiscal tightening, regressive tax policies and expenditure cuts; financial sector reform that reduced institutional credit flow to small producers and agriculturalists; liberalization of rules for foreign and domestic investment, leading to more regional imbalance and skewed investment patterns, and trade liberalization, which has affected livelihoods and employment generation.

Recent Downturn in Emerging Economies and Macroeconomic Implications for Sustainable Development

Oct 2014
Working Paper
N. R. Bhanumurthy
The paper discusses the progress of Indian economy and its policies since the broad-based structural reforms initiated in 1991 with a special focus on the recent downturn following the global financial crisis. The paper is structured into two parts: first part discusses the major economic and social achievements of India since 1991, it identifies the causes of the recent downturn, and the policy responses to revive the economy. In the second part, the paper outlines the major challenges India is facing and the policies and reforms that need to be implement to achieve sustainable development.
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