Somalia
Somalia at a glance
Somalia became independent in the 1960s, when the two protectorates, Great Britain’s in the South and Italy’s in the North, were unified. A military coup headed by Mohamed Siad Barre in 1969, brought the country into a military regime that very soon shifted into an authoritarian rule which somehow managed to generate a certain degree of balance. After having experienced such ‘stability’, the country precipitated into a civil chaos in 1991 after Siad Barre was overthrown by opposing clans. Since then Somalia, whose territory occupies a strategic and crucial position in the Horn of Africa has been living in full anarchy. Shortly after Barre’s capitulation, the northern region of Somalia self-declared the independent Republic of Somaliland, a country never recognized by other states, which, however, has been preserving a stable existence: the Republic includes today eight administrative districts and it keeps its effort to guarantee democratic representation, holding elections at all levels, local and parliamentary.
Amorce historique de la Somalie vers la paix et la stabilité
Le 16 mars dernier, l’atterrissage d’un vol de la Turkish Airlines à l’aéroport international d’Aden Adde situé près de la capitale somalienne, Mogadiscio, a marqué un renouveau. Pour la première fois en 20 ans, un avion de ligne en provenance d’Europe avait fait le voyage jusqu’à cette capitale considérée comme l’une des plus instables de la région. Aujourd’hui, six mois après, le pays dispose d’un parlement, d’une constitution provisoire, d’un nouveau président et d’un premier ministre.
Stabilizing Somalia: A new chapter begins
When a Turkish Airlines flight touched down at Aden Adde International Airport near the Somali capital of Mogadishu on 16 March, it seemed like a sign of good things to come. It was the first time in more than 20 years that a passenger plane from Europe had flown into the volatile city. Today, more than half a year later, the country has a parliament, a provisional constitution, a new president and a prime minister.
« La Somalie renaît de ses cendres »
Somalia rising from the ashes
Somalia. Media under attack
Freedom of information in Somalia is at risk: gripped by anarchic violence and chaos, this nation of the Horn of Africa, has been ranked among the deadliest country for media by the Committee to Protect Journalists.
Assessment of Development Results - Somalia
This report presents the findings of the ADR based on an analysis of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of UNDP interventions implemented between 2005 and 2010. The ADR also addresses the strategic positioning of UNDP. The evaluation relied on documents, interviews with approximately 200 individuals, including beneficiaries, Somali authorities, donors, civil society, representatives of international organizations and independent observers. The evaluation found that UNDP contribution to development results in Somalia has varied considerably depending on the region where activities were implemented. The report highlights several challenges and shortcomings in programme management. It concludes that, despite these challenges, UNDP Somalia continued to seize opportunities as they emerged through the peace process and enjoy a privileged relationship with the authorities and donors.
Assessment of Development Results - Somalia (Second Assessment)
This is the second Assessment of Development Results (ADR) conducted by the Independent Evaluation Office of UNDP in 2014 with a view to contributing to the realignment of the ongoing country programme (2011-2015) and the corresponding gender strategy to ensure consistency with: the Somali New Deal Compact, the UN Integrated Strategic Framework, the UNDP Strategic Plan (2014-2017) and the Gender Equality Strategy (2014-2017). In so doing the ADR will also contribute to the preparation of the new UNDP country programme that will begin in 2017.
Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders: Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya)
Judgment of 12 October 2021
Community Stabilization – An Approach for Facilitating Progress Towards Durable Solutions and Operationalizing the Humanitarian–Development–Peace Nexus: Lessons from Zimbabwe, Ethiopia and Somalia
Authored by Sam Grundy and Sarah Zingg, this Migration Research Series paper discusses the role of the community stabilization approach to transition away from humanitarian crises in order to lay the ground for attaining durable solutions for displaced persons and, ultimately, operationalize the humanitarian–development–peace nexus. The paper focuses on the multidimensional destabilizing impacts of displacement crises and the factors limiting opportunities for communities to transition away from acute vulnerability and aid dependence, and defines the community stabilization approach as a means to overcome these challenges. It then presents the community stabilization core programming principles framed through a community-based planning methodology – a practical community-driven, local government-led process intended to support the transition of impacted communities from displacement crises through improved stability – drawing on examples from Zimbabwe, Somalia and Ethiopia.
Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya)
ICJ Pleadings Oral Arguments, Documents
This volume contains pleadings from the case concerning Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya) in the language in which they were submitted, including the document instituting proceedings, the written pleadings and their annexes, the verbatim records of the oral proceedings, and any documents submitted to the Court after the closure of the written proceedings.
Somalia Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025
The 2025 Somalia HNRP is based on a comprehensive analysis of the impact of key drivers of humanitarian needs in the country, and estimates that 5.9 million people will require humanitarian and protection assistance. This represents a 13 per cent reduction from 2024 (6.9m people) and is linked to slight improvements in the situation and stricter scope setting which identified 9.1 million people, or 47 per cent of Somalia’s population, as affected by multiple shocks. 4.6 million people will be targeted for assistance this year, an 11 per cent decrease from 5.2 million targeted in 2024. The 2025 HNRP focuses on lifesaving and life-sustaining assistance for people with the most severe levels of needs and incorporates humanitarian response gaps analysis into the inter-cluster prioritization methodology, reinforcing commitments to leave no one behind. The plan will require US$1.42 billion to assist 4.6 million Somalis, and advocates for scaled-up development and climate financing to address the structural drivers of needs, build resilience, reduce the risk of future disasters and adapt to climate change. In addition, it guides the humanitarian system towards an integrated response, decentralizing coordination and fostering systematic engagement.
Tackling Sexual Violence in Somalia: Prevention and Protection
This report is jointly published by the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The report provides a fact-based analysis of progress and obstacles in the prevention and response to conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022. The report covers eight areas. The first is the context in which the violations reported occurred, which is one of a non-international armed conflict and a protracted humanitarian crisis. The second area covers the trends and patterns of CRSV. Alleged perpetrators are covered in the third section, while the fourth identifies the types of incidents and violations reported and the profile of the survivors. The fifth section covers service provision and the challenges that survivors face. This is followed by a discussion of Somalia’s legal framework on the protection of women and girls as well as legal reform efforts. The seventh area examines good practices for addressing the consequences of sexual violence and the lessons that can be drawn from there. The report concludes with recommendations to the Somali national authorities and the international community.
No. 26944. United States of America and Somalia
Exchange of notes constituting an agreement concerning economic and technical cooperation. Mogadiscio, 14 June, 12 and 13 October 1981
No. 26787. Federal Republic of Germany and Somalia
Agreement concerning financial cooperation. Signed at iMogadishu on 22 Jnne 1987
No. 46326. Netherlands and Somalia
EXCHANGE OF LETTERS CONSTITUTING AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS AND THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALIA ON THE ASSISTANCE FROM THE NETHERLANDS MILITARY FORCES TO PROTECT HUMANITARIAN AID FOR SOMALIA AGAINST PIRACY. DAR ES SALAAM, 25 MARCH 2008, AND NAIROBI, 28 MARCH 2008 AND 1 APRIL 2008 [United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2604, I-46326.]
No. 46230 Kenya and Somalia
No. 19449 International Fund for Agricultural Development and Somalia
No. 23975 International Fund for Agricultural Development and Somalia
No. 5563. Somalia, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization
REVISED STANDARD AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED NATIONS, THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION, THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION, THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION, THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION, THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION AND THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SOMALI REPUBLIC FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. MOGADISHU, 28 JANUARY 1961 [United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 387, I-5563.]
No. 49605. United Nations and Somalia
Agreement between the United Nations and the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia concerning the status of the United Nations Political Office for Somalia. Mogadishu, 24 January 2012
No. 50319. South Africa and Somalia
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia on the establishment of diplomatic relations. Pretoria, 13 March 2012