United States
No. 48292. Japan and United States of America
Main Title:
Treaty Series 2731
Dec 2015
Chapter
Agreement between Japan and the United States of America concerning new special measures relating to Article XXIV of the Agreement under Article VI of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America, Regarding Facilities and Areas and the Status of United States Armed Forces in Japan (with agreed minutes). New York, 11 September 2000
Inequality and Household Economic Hardship in the United States of America
Apr 2006
Working Paper
Income inequality in the United States of America has increased over the past few decades. Along with this development, employee compensation as a share of national income has tended to decline, the profit share of national income has grown, and inequality within labour has risen. There is no empirical support for the argument that greater inequality has resulted in faster productivity growth, but there is some indication that rising inequality has been connected to slower demand growth. Increased access to credit may have temporarily muted the implications of greater income inequality.
Expanding Health-Care Access in the United States
Jul 2015
Working Paper
The United States has never assured the human right to health, including the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and access to all medical services. While there is some public financing of health care, mainly for older people and low-income children, the country largely relies on private health insurers and providers using a decentralized and lightly regulated market-based system. This publication focuses on the ways in which women have been impacted by the Affordable Care Act (usually referred to as ACA or ‘Obamacare’).
Import Diversification and Trade Diversion: Insights From United States of America - China Trade Patterns
Dec 2024
Working Paper
This study examines United States import diversification patterns between 2017 and 2022. It finds that import diversification from China was of a larger magnitude and scope compared to other countries. The study shows that the magnitude of the decline in China's market share across various sectors was mainly influenced by trade policy changes and industry characteristics. The analysis also examines trade diversion effects, which have benefited some countries' exports, finding that these effects were largely driven by the United States' trade policy stance and the economic competitiveness of those countries. In recent years, geopolitical tensions, trade disputes, logistics challenges, and global pandemics have fuelled discussions on supply chain resilience. A common narrative arising from these events has been the need to mitigate risks stemming from potential trade policy changes and supply chain disruptions. A substantial part of this narrative has focused on the United States of America and China because of their strong trade relationship, shifts in their trade policy stance1, and supply diversification strategies. The substantial change in United States import patterns from China provides a valuable opportunity to examine the outcomes and drivers of supply diversification strategies. This analysis is important for both policymakers and businesses, offering empirical insights into how global trade relationships are evolving.
United States Tariff Shockwaves: Impact on the Arab Region
Jun 2025
Working Paper
This policy brief examines recent United States tariff shockwaves and the 90-day tariff pause, highlighting both direct impacts – particularly on Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia – and indirect spillovers through weaker demand from China and the European Union, and falling oil prices. Preliminary estimates for 2025 suggest moderate macroeconomic effects for the Agadir Agreement countries and limited impacts for the Gulf Cooperation Council economies. The brief underscores rising fiscal vulnerabilities and calls upon Arab States to strengthen regional integration, diversify trade and engage with the United States to enhance economic resilience.
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