Yemen
Migration, Environment and Climate Change in Yemen
The Migration, Environment, and Climate Change (MECC) Country Report on Yemen by IOM explores the complex links between climate change, environmental degradation, and human mobility in Yemen. Given the country’s aridity, water scarcity, and vulnerability to climate-induced hazards—exacerbated by conflict—this study provides an evidence-based foundation for policy discussions and interventions. Utilizing qualitative mixed methods, including key informant interviews and focus group discussions, the report highlights how extreme weather events (floods, cyclones, wildfires, dust storms) and slow-onset environmental changes (drought, rising temperatures, soil degradation, and sea level rise) drive displacement, alter livelihoods, and exacerbate vulnerabilities. The findings underscore adaptive responses—such as makeshift repairs and community support—that remain insufficient amid Yemen’s humanitarian crisis. The report also examines migration dynamics, revealing how conflict, economic instability, and environmental degradation fuel internal displacement and migration through Yemen toward neighboring countries. Key challenges identified include governance gaps, resource scarcity, gender disparities, and deteriorating health and security conditions, making urgent policy action essential.
Gender Alert: Crisis Upon Crisis - Impact of the Recent Escalation on Women and Girls in Yemen
Since late 2024, escalating conflict has deepened Yemen’s already critical humanitarian crisis. Between February and April 2025, heavy bombardments have caused mass civilian casualties, widespread displacement, and the destruction of critical infrastructure. Attacks on key lifelines—Al Hudayda port and Sana’a airport in May—severed supply routes, halting the delivery of food, fuel, medicine, and humanitarian aid. This disruption has crippled humanitarian operations, shutting down health facilities, restricting food distribution, and impeding emergency services—especially in frontline areas. An estimated 9.6 million women and girls are in need of aid, facing mounting barriers to essential services, including maternal health, clean water, and psychosocial support. The destruction of health facilities and a water reservoir has cut off care for over 400 pregnant and lactating women and 9,600 children. Between January and May 2025, over 6,000 people were newly displaced —26% of whom are in female headed households, adding to the 2.3 million women already living in displacement across Yemen. Displaced women face risks from income loss to protection threats. Despite the complexity of the conflict, the fragile cessation of hostilities between the U.S. and the Houthis in Sanaa offers a narrow but critical window for de-escalation and humanitarian response. This moment must be used to scale up gender-responsive aid and restore essential services to displaced and conflict-affected populations.
Yemen Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025
Millions of Yemenis continue to bear the brunt of the conflict and experience dire living conditions, as they find it increasingly challenging to feed their families, visit a doctor and send their children to school. The country’s economy continues to decline, as climate shocks drive displacement and disrupt livelihoods. Food insecurity remains alarmingly high, and millions face severe protection risks. This reality is particularly acute for Yemen’s most vulnerable and marginalized groups, including women and girls, persons with disabilities, the Muhamasheen, refugees, migrants and internally displaced people (IDPs). The 2025 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) lays out a response that is locally-driven and grounded in the voices of affected communities. It is adapted to evolving needs and risks, and takes into account the dynamic operating environment and existing capacities. The plan is highly prioritized and the result of a rigorous boundary-setting exercise to include only life-saving and life-sustaining activities. It also puts forward concrete ways to ensure quality and cost-effective programming, improve targeting and minimize risk of diversion.
No. 51568. United States of America and Yemen
Exchange of notes constituting an Arrangement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Yemen regarding the surrender of persons to international tribunals. Washington, 10 December 2003, and Sana'a, 17 December 2003