Gender Equality

Le thé noir, les feuilles de margousier ou la soupe au poivre comme remèdes miracles au Covid-19 : en Afrique comme ailleurs, fausses informations et théories du complot ont prospéré sur les réseaux sociaux pendant la crise sanitaire. Pour lutter contre cette « infodémie », il faut responsabiliser les plateformes numériques, traquer les infox et développer une éducation aux médias.

Isolement, perte de revenu, charges domestiques écrasantes : les femmes photographes ont subi de plein fouet les effets du confinement imposé pour endiguer la pandémie de Covid-19. Face à cette situation inédite, elles sont plus de 400 à s’être réunies au sein d’un projet collaboratif unique, The Journal, né spontanément à la mi-mars suite à un appel lancé sur Facebook par la communauté Women Photograph. Depuis 2017, ce réseau qui compte plus de 1 000 membres répartis dans une centaine de pays s’est donné pour vocation d’augmenter la présence des femmes photographes dans les médias.

Социальное неравенство, гендерное насилие, плохие жилищные условия, неэффективность систем здравоохранения: пандемия коронавируса обнажила уязвимые места нашего общества. Чтобы изменить мир к лучшему, нам нужно заняться глубинными проблемами, которые до сих пор остаются нерешенными.

How have women confronted the scourge of gender-based violence? What pathways, strategies and actions have they evolved to defend their bodily integrity and build coalitions and alliances for justice and gender equality? What has worked well and why, and how can their efforts be supported and scaled up?

J’ai une chance inouïe de voyager. Ces expériences ont été uniques et enrichissantes. Mais jamais un voyage n’aura été aussi éprouvant que celui que j’ai fait en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) en 2009. Ce pays, qui est entouré de neuf pays différents, abrite plus de 200 groupes ethniques, représentant littéralement le coeur de l’Afrique. L’état d’urgence y a été décrété. Les différentes milices et les politiques complexes jouent un rôle dans la dévastation de la terre et de la population, mais personne ne souffre plus que les femmes et les jeunes filles. Des centaines de milliers de femmes ont été battues, torturées et violées – des atrocités au-delà de tout ce que j’aurais pu imaginer.

Ayant été élevé par ma mère qui était veuve, j’ai fait l’expérience directe dans ma jeunesse de la souffrance qu’elle a subie. Lorsque mon père est mort, ma grand-mère a ordonné à ma mère de retirer ses bijoux, y compris sa bindi, et de ne jamais porter de vêtements de couleurs vives. J’étais alors trop jeune pour comprendre la portée de ces restrictions mais, à mon mariage, le prêtre hindou qui célébrait la cérémonie a demandé à ma mère de s’écarter de l’autel parce qu’étant veuve, elle porterait malheur aux jeunes mariés.

Periods of economic upheaval are always destabilizing and, as such, outcomes are uncertain. We are right now faced with a great danger and a great opportunity. The danger is that “recovery” efforts will favour those in positions of strength, reinforcing existing inequalities between and within countries. As this occurs, we will see existing disparities deepen, leading to social exclusion with grave social, economic and political repercussions. The opportunity is that leadership and bold policy action could reduce inequalities among countries and across gender lines.

I have been incredibly blessed in my life to be able to travel. Seeing the world and its diversity first hand has been the greatest teacher, and never have I learned a more difficult lesson then when I visited the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 2009. The DRC, bordered by nine different countries, is home to over 200 ethnic groups, making it literally the heart of Africa. This country is in a state of emergency. Various militias and complicated politics all play a part in the devastation of the land and the population, but no one is suffering more than the women and young girls. Hundreds of thousands of women and girls have been beaten, tortured and raped—atrocities beyond anything that I have ever heard of or could imagine.

The digital space represents a global interaction and communication sphere for all people. In this sphere children connect with young people and adults across almost all countries, cultures and age groups. The constant improvement and implementation of automatic translation programs, for example in social media, also means that language barriers in the digital space are becoming increasingly blurred. This evolution, which is actually to be welcomed, promises at best the emergence of a kind of Internet-based global society, but it also presents a dark side. Criminology assumes that many forms of crime - regardless of the respective national criminal law - typically arise from interaction between people. There are few arguments to argue against the fact that this is not the case on the Internet - which actually makes it the first truly widespread and global crime scene in the world. Children, too, are a natural part of this educated global scene (or space) and are thus exposed to the digital forms of crime that go hand in hand with it. At the European level, children aged 9-16 spend an average of 167 minutes each day online (Smahel et al. 2019). In Germany alone, 97 percent of minors aged 12 and over use the Internet several times a week (Feierabend et al. 2020). Children are also intrinsically confronted with the digital risks of this area. These risks range from cybergrooming and sexual harassment in social media and online games, to the confrontation with extremism and violent content, to risks such as cyberbullying and stalking (cf. Bötticher 2020; Gabriel 2020; Rüdiger 2020). Almost 25 percent of children in the European Union who use the Internet have already reported having had at least one negative online experience in the past year (Smahel et al. 2019). The U-25 study from Germany even speaks of minors perceiving the Internet as a culture of injustice (Borchard et al. 2018).

In our contemporary globalized world, women and adolescent girls in various countries across the globe continue to face constant hardships and obstacles, ranging from gender-based violence to prevalent gender inequalities and deeply rooted gendered socio-cultural norms, which hinder their emancipation and development and negatively impact the implementation of gender equality and rights. Despite these circumstances, different advancements, such as emerging innovative solutions and technologies, can play a significant role in relation to the development and empowerment of women in various sectors of society globally. It thus becomes ever more necessary to apply cross-cutting approaches, such as a critical gender lens and a rights-based approach1 to a wide range of development sectors and issue areas, including, but not limited to, education, political participation, and economic development, while considering, at the same time, the role that technology can have in these domains and analyzing its socio-cultural, global implications.

A patriarchal society confers the title of “breadwinners” on ‘him’ and bestows them with the responsibility to earn for the family. This confers another title on him as “head of the family” which thematically corresponds to “white man’s burden” as it creates an illusion that only men are capable of earning for the family. Unfortunately, the phrase “the father is the head of the family” is taught already as a lesson in pre-primary school thereby sowing the seeds of inequality in innocent minds. This illusion, born from the patriarchal mindset, laid the foundation for the socio-economic gender inequalities present today and is the root cause of intergenerational inequality faced by women.

Preparing young people for the diplomatic and international careers of today means facing the new international crises with an innovative and global vision that analyzes their real causes first and then provides adequate and effective responses over time. Furthermore, a greater synergy with international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) is needed. In this regard, the European Association of International Studies (AESI) usually organizes two missions in Geneva in coordination with the Italian Representation at the United Nations agencies. Unfortunately, the health emergency has not allowed this tradition to continue this year, but the liaison with the Director-General of the UN Agencies in Geneva, Ms. Tatiana Valovaya, is still vigorous and the activities promoted by AESI for young university students are considered of great importance. Indeed, AESI is strongly convinced that only by investing in the new generations with innovative and global training, which envisage above all concrete contacts with international actors such as the UN and the European Union (EU), we can achieve a future of peace and promote a culture of solidarity. Furthermore, we believe that the interaction with young university students who are preparing for diplomatic and international careers can also enrich international organizations through a deeper understanding of young people’s perspectives, enhancing also their creative solutions to crises. The Director-General of the United Nations Agencies in Geneva illustrated in her Message to AESI what the priorities of this health emergency are, but she also encouraged the UN to listen to the new generations. She invited students to send them messages and contributions. The Director-General also expressed her wish to meet with the young AESI members in Geneva when it will be possible. The University will play a great role in the future, not only with respect to the international relations dimension, but above all with the involvement of young people in the process of renewing peace promotion strategies in crisis situations. The United Nations has discovered this great added value and for this we also thank the United Nations Director-General of Geneva.

To prevent the spread of Covid19, many governments have been taking strict measures such as closing borders, imposing nationwide lockdowns and setting up quarantine facilities. While these measures may ensure that social distancing is followed seriously, they may have indirect effects on the economy and adverse effects on the well-being of people, especially the vulnerable population.

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, no clear evidence has emerged of a significant decrease in the supply of drugs at the global level, including in Italy, even after the quarantine was extended to the entire country.

نفلاب انتلاص فيرعت ةداعإو روهمجلا لابقتساب ةطبترلما ةديدجلا تاهاركلإا مامأ ،ملاعلا في ىرخلأا تاسّسؤلما نم ديدعلا لثم هلثم ،كرويوينب زنيوك فحتم ىعسي ،ةفاقثلاو ينّبرُلماو يننانفلا عضت ةلماش ةبراقم في يركفتلاو ،فحاتلما نم ديدج جذومن طابنتسا لىإ.هتطشنأ بلق في ناكّسلاو

ةيلصلأا ةيلحلما تاعمتجلما ضعب ةردق ةيلماعلا ةيحصلا ةمزلأا تزربأ ام ردقب هذه ناكس ىدل ةشاشهلا نطاوم لىع ،صوصخلاب ،تفشك ،دومصلا لىع ءوسو ،رقف نم هنوناعي ام ءاّرج ةيدعلما ضارملأل نوضرعتي نيذلا تاعمتجلما .ةيحصلا ةياعرلا لئاسو نم ةدافتسا ةّلقو ،ةيذغت

يبيراكلاو ةينيتلالا اكيرمأ ةقطنم ناكس لىع ةيحصلا ةمزلأل ةيعامتجلاا تايعادتلا تناك عاطقلا يمانت وأ ،ةسارّدلا نع عاطقنلاا وأ ،يدرفلا لخّدلا عجارت ثيح نم ءاوس ،ةميخو مدعو ةيعامتجلاا تاتوافتلا عاسّتا يدافت لجأ نمو .ةلاطبلل ّداحلا عافترلاا وأ ،يمسّرلا يرغ .ًلادع رثكأو ًانماضت رثكأ يعامتجا ماظن ةماقإ لىإ انايثتاب انيراك وعدت ،ةاواسلما

Les applications de mise en relation entre chauffeurs et passagers prolifèrent partout dans le monde et An Nisa Taxi, lancé l’année dernière au Kenya, est l’une des plus remarquables d’Afrique.

Beaucoup d’Africains diplômés ne décrochent pas d’emploi.