Gender Equality
UNCTAD insights: Forecasting global FDI: A panel data approach
The future patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) are important inputs for policymakers, even more so during severe economic downturns, such as the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, there is neither empirical consensus nor significant ongoing empirical research on the most appropriate tool for forecasting FDI inflows. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing an approach to forecasting global FDI inflows based on panel econometric techniques – namely the generalized method of moments – accounting for the heterogeneous nature of FDI across countries and for FDI dependence across time. The empirical comparison with alternative time-series methods confirms the greater predictive power of the proposed approach.
Articles: When near is far and far is near: Physical and constructed dimensions of geography and their implications for inward FDI performance
Building on a sociology theory of space, we conceptualize physical geography as separated from its constructed connotations and suggest that the impact of geographic location on countries’ attraction for foreign direct investment (FDI) is contingent upon their constructed qualities – that is, their unilateral characteristics and connectivity to other countries. Quantile regression analyses confirm these predictions and show notable variations across the distribution of FDI. The findings show that geography is not destiny and should rather be treated as an endogenous country characteristic whose consequences for FDI are subject to actions of policymakers and firms. Subsequent analyses show that the level of economic development affects the relationships between the physical and constructed consequences of geography on FDI, introducing significant differences between developed and developing countries. We outline the role for policy in shaping the contingencies that affect the relationships between geographic location and FDI.
Handbook on Effective Police Responses to Violence against Women
La Protección de las Niñas, los Niños y los Adolescentes Afectados por la Violencia Armada en la Comunidad
Esta publicación analiza el complejo fenómeno de la violencia armada (diferente al conflicto armado) y presenta estrategias para proteger a las niñas, niños y adolescentes en contextos de violencia armada en la comunidad. Brinda visibilidad a la urgente necesidad de colocar a la niñez en el centro de las políticas y medidas que sean adoptadas en materia de temas asociados a la seguridad a fin de construir comunidades seguras, amigables y sostenibles.
Mainstreaming Gender in Free Trade Agreements
This report presents recommendations to boost the participation of women in trade through free trade agreements. Policymakers and trade negotiators will find a new toolkit to gauge gender responsiveness in their agreements. These lessons are based on a research assessment of 73 selected free trade agreements in force among 25 Commonwealth countries, and top-line recommendations and model clauses for countries to adapt. The recommendations include embedding gender provisions in the preamble, leveraging corporate social responsibility, using reservations, waivers and general exceptions, and strengthening monitoring and dispute settlement mechanisms.
Harnessing Agricultural Trade for Sustainable Development: Vanuatu Cocoa and Coconut
The study builds on the National Green Export Review (NGER) of Vanuatu and leverages UNCTAD expertise in key analytical areas, including non tariff measures, voluntary sustainability standards (VSS), the trade agriculture gender nexus, and pro poor structural rural diversification through trade. Invaluable support was provided by the Government of Vanuatu, in particular, the Department of Industry, which generously shared information, facilitated multi stakeholder consultations and reviewed the final draft. The information in this report has been gathered from various sources, including interviews with key stakeholders in the country. To this purpose, missions were carriedout in Port Vila, Vanuatu, in 2017 and 2018. Interviews were conducted with public and private stakeholders, including representatives from the Department of Industry, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Department of Women’s Affairs, the National Statistics Office, the Government Chief Information Officer, the private sector, International Organisations and the donor community.
Los derechos de la mujer son derechos humanos
Livre blanc sur les progrès, les succès et les perspectives d’avenir dans le transport par voie navigable
C’est la troisième édition d’un document d’orientation sur la situation actuelle, les tendances et les défis du transport par voie navigable sur les voies de navigation intérieure européennes d’importance internationale dans la région de la Commission économique pour l’Europe. Le livre blanc décrit l’état actuel du réseau de voies navigables E, l’évolution du cadre institutionnel et réglementaire de la navigation intérieure depuis 2011, les programmes et activités récents de la CEE, de l’Union européenne et d’autres organisations internationales. Le livre blanc identifie huit domaines prioritaires pour rendre les transports par voies navigables dans la région de la CEE plus durable et concurrentiel, et formule des recommandations de politique générale pour les actions de la CEE pour chacun d’eux.
International Migration 2019 Wall Chart
International Migration 2019 wall chart provides up-to-date information on global estimates of the number of international migrants for all countries and areas of the world, disaggregated by age, sex, country of origin and country of destination. This wall chart is based on the latest data on international migration for 232 countries and areas of the world from the 2019 revision of the International Migrant Stock dataset, covering the period from 1990 to 2019.
Gender Equality: Women’s Rights in Review 2020
2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the Beijing Platform for Action. It also marks the first time that progress on the implementation of the Platform is reviewed in light of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015. This report therefore takes an integrated approach to reporting on progress, gaps and challenges related to the advancement of gender equality and women’s rights across six dimensions that link the Platform’s critical areas of concern and the Sustainable Development Goals. It finds that there have been important gains since the adoption of the Beijing Platform in 1995, but that progress towards gender equality has stalled and even reversed in some areas in recent years. Across the globe women’s movements, energized by young feminists at the helm, are challenging slow and piecemeal progress and are impatient for systemic change. World leaders can learn from the ways in which these movements work across silos and political boundaries, seeing their work to advance the rights of women and girls as inextricably linked to the achievement of economic, social and environmental justice for all. The report features their voices that must be heard and acted upon. The report also highlights catalytic policies and programmes under each of the six dimensions as well as a number of cross-cutting strategies that can accelerate the implementation of the entire Platform for Action for this generation and the next.
Global Gender and Environment Outlook 2016
The Global Gender and Environment Outlook (GGEO) provides an overview of critical evaluations and analyses of the interlinkages between gender and the environment, and their importance for gender-sensitive policymaking and actions. The GGEO was first proposed by the Network of Women Ministers and Leaders for the Environment (NWMLE) to UNEP at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The 2014 United Nations Environment Assembly subsequently welcomed the development of the GGEO, and the use of social science information and gender relevant indicators to examine the links between gender and the environment. The report describes policy options and concrete opportunities to contribute to the future we want - a future of justice and equality that leaves no one behind. It reflects and builds on the ground-breaking work of hundreds of scientists, policy experts, gender advocates and members of community groups. And it examines a wide range of topics, including food production, water and sanitation, energy, sustainable consumption and production, fisheries and fishing communities, and forests and those who depend on them for their livelihoods.
Gender, The Environment and Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific
This publication is the first Asia-Pacific report that comprehensively maps out the intersections between gender and environment at the levels of household, work, community and policy. It examines gender concerns in the spheres of food security, agriculture, energy, water, fisheries and forestry, and identifies strategic entry points for policy interventions. Based on a grounded study of the reality in the Asia-Pacific region, this report puts together good practices and policy lessons that could be capitalized by policymakers to advance the agenda of sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific.
Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Asset Ownership from a Gender Perspective
This publication provides national statistical agencies with guidance on collecting, processing, analysing and disseminating individual-level data on asset ownership (including dwellings, land and financial assets) for the production of gender statistics related to three objectives: 1) measuring the gender asset gap, or the differential prevalence of women’s and men’s asset ownership; 2) measuring the gender wealth gap, or the share of total wealth held by women; and 3) in households where more than one member is interviewed, understanding how asset ownership and wealth are distributed, by sex, within households. The publication introduces the concepts, definitions and data requirements for measuring asset ownership and control from a gender perspective and provides guidance on planning, organizing and implementing a household survey, or appending a module on asset ownership to a nationally-representative household survey. It also presents a set of indicators for monitoring women’s and men’s ownership and control of physical and financial assets at global and national levels, and it explains how data analysis can be employed to answer policy-relevant questions on asset ownership.
Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics
The primary objective of the manual is to foster a gender perspective in national statistics. Recognizing that systematic integration of gender in regular statistical activities is still missing in many countries, the manual has been designed to guide a sustainable development of gender statistics. The manual provides concrete information needed to accomplish three main goals: (a) achieve a comprehensive coverage of gender issues in data production activities; (b) incorporate a gender perspective into the design of surveys or censuses, by taking into account gender issues and gender-biases in measurement; and (c) improve data analysis and data presentation and deliver gender statistics in a format easy to use by policy makers and planners.
2018 Active Ageing Index Analytical Report
The report presents the latest Active Ageing Index (AAI) calculations and progress over time. The Active Ageing Index is a practical tool for policymakers that helps identify areas in which older people's potential for active ageing is not yet fully realised. It measures the level of which older people live independent lives, participate in paid employment and social activities as well as their capacity to actively age. The index is constructed from 22 individual indicators that are grouped into four domains. Each domain reflects a different aspect of active ageing. AAI also offers breakdown of results by sex to highlight the differences in active ageing for men and women.
Global Gender and Environment Outlook 2016: The Critical Issues
The Global Gender and Environment Outlook (GGEO): The Critical Issues provides an overview of critical evaluations and analyses of the interlinkages between gender and the environment, and their importance for gender-sensitive policymaking and actions. The GGEO was first proposed by the Network of Women Ministers and Leaders for the Environment (NWMLE) to UNEP at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The 2014 United Nations Environment Assembly subsequently welcomed the development of the GGEO, and the use of social science information and gender relevant indicators to examine the links between gender and the environment. The report describes policy options and concrete opportunities to contribute to the future we want - a future of justice and equality that leaves no one behind. It reflects and builds on the ground-breaking work of hundreds of scientists, policy experts, gender advocates and members of community groups. And it examines a wide range of topics, including food production, water and sanitation, energy, sustainable consumption and production, fisheries and fishing communities, and forests and those who depend on them for their livelihoods.
Handbook on Women and Imprisonment
This handbook aims to assist legislators, policymakers, prison managers, staff and non-governmental organizations in implementing international standards and norms related to the gender-specific needs of women prisoners, in particular the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Offenders and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders ('the Bangkok Rules'). It further aims to increase awareness about the profile of female offenders and to suggest ways in which to reduce their unnecessary imprisonment, including by rationalising legislation and criminal justice policies, and by providing a wide range of alternatives to prison at all stages of the criminal justice process. The handbook forms part of a series of tools developed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to support countries in implementing the rule of law and the development of criminal justice reform.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2007
Latin America has extremely high levels of social and economic inequality as well as insufficient social expenditure despite registering the highest growth in per capita GDP since the 70’s. This work provides the latest estimates for the countries of Latin America regarding poverty, residential segregation, impact of social expenditure on people’s well-being and psycho-social divides. It also analyses internal migrations as well as health programmes for indigenous people and women.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2004
The 2004 edition of the Social Panorama of Latin America analyses the major demographic changes that have occurred in the region over the past few decades, examines the socioeconomic status of Latin American youth, looks at institutional and programmatic guidelines for youth policies and describes how household structures and family roles have changed. As in past years, recent trends in poverty and income distribution in the Latin American countries are also reviewed.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2006
In the last four years, Latin America has turned in its best performance in twenty-five years in economic and social terms. Progress with poverty reduction, falling unemployment, improving income distribution in several countries and a strong upswing in numbers of jobs are the main factors underlying the positive trend in a number of the region's countries. The first two chapters of in this report look at the way the main social indicators have behaved in the last few years. The following two chapters address matters that, for different reasons, have come to figure prominently on government agendas.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2002-2003
The 2002-2003 edition of the Social panorama of Latin America explores issues related to many of the Millennium Development Goals. Three of the five chapters (on poverty, hunger and gender inequality) assess how likely it is that the countries of the region will succeed in meeting the targets in these areas agreed upon by the States Members of the United Nations for 2015.A chapter on social expenditure furnishes information on 18 Latin American countries and analyses trends in social spending over the last decade. The final chapter examines labour policy and singles out some interesting initiatives aimed at combating unemployment, poor job quality and underemployment.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2016
The central theme of this edition of Social Panorama of Latin America is social inequality, seen as a fundamental challenge and obstacle to sustainable development. Some of the axes and aspects of social inequality are addressed, drawing attention to how they intersect with and reinforce one another. The different chapters will examine inequalities in the distribution of income (personal and functional) and property; inequalities over the course of the life cycle; time-use inequalities between men and women; and the situation of Afrodescendent populations as an example of ethnic and racial inequalities. Recent trends in the amount of public resources available to finance social policies capable of tackling poverty and inequality and of promoting inclusive social development are also analysed.
Panorama Social de América Latina 2017
En esta edición del Panorama Social de América Latina, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) responde a preguntas de los países de la región sobre tres grandes temas: la desigualdad de ingresos de las personas y los hogares y su relación con la dinámica del mercado laboral, la evolución de la pobreza y sus determinantes, y los efectos de los sistemas de pensiones en la igualdad. Es necesario resaltar que su análisis de la pobreza en la región se basa en una importante actualización de la metodología utilizada, que mejora la comparabilidad entre países, insumo fundamental para un análisis agregado de su evolución y sus factores determinantes. Este esfuerzo se ha traducido en una nueva serie de datos regionales. Las nuevas series estadísticas correspondientes a los datos nacionales las hará públicas la CEPAL en el primer semestre de 2018, una vez concluidas las consultas con los respectivos países. Como en ediciones anteriores, en este documento se da continuidad al análisis de las dimensiones de la desigualdad social, al mismo tiempo que se presenta un nuevo estudio del contexto demográfico y las desigualdades en el mercado de trabajo y su relación con la cobertura y la calidad de las prestaciones de los sistemas de pensiones.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2017
In this edition of Social Panorama of Latin America, ECLAC has addressed the questions posed by the countries of the region in three major areas: income inequality between individuals and households and how these relate to labour market dynamics; the evolution of poverty and its determinants; and the effects of pension systems on equality. The poverty analysis in this 2017 edition is based on a major update of the methodology used; this offers improved comparability between countries, which is an essential input for conducting an overall analysis of how poverty and its determinants have evolved. This effort has led to the creation of a new regional data series. The new statistical series using the national data will be made public by ECLAC in the first half of 2018 once the consultations with the respective countries have been concluded. In this edition, as well as continuing the analysis of the dimensions of social inequality given in previous years, Commission presents a new study of the demographic context and labour market inequalities, and how these relate to the coverage and quality of pension benefits.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2009
This 17th version of the report - one of ECLAC’s most important flagship publications - provides estimates for 2009 on poverty and indigence in the region and analyses social spending and government social protection policies. The Social Panorama 2009 includes the following, among other issues: An analysis of social protection policies, including conditional transfer programmes and their re-distributive impact; a review of government social agendas before and during the crisis: actions, challenges and options; a diagnosis of who are most vulnerable to poverty in the region and how to protect them and, suggestions for a new social protection system in Latin America.
Social Panorama of Latin America 2012
This annual report examines the dynamics of paid employment in care activities in Latin American countries, as well as household expenditure on such work, and proposes normative criteria for public policymaking in this sphere. It also covers 1) poverty trends and determining factors in Latin America; 2) income distribution and social spending trends in the region; and 3) situation of disabled people in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Panorama Social de América Latina 2015
En esta edición de 2015 del Panorama Social de América Latina se analizan las tendencias de la pobreza según las mediciones propias de la CEPAL. Asimismo, se revisan los cambios registrados en la distribución del ingreso y en algunas otras dimensiones de la desigualdad. Con el objeto de contribuir al avance de las políticas públicas para superar la pobreza y la desigualdad socioeconómica, además de examinarse las últimas tendencias del gasto social y los desafíos que presenta la transición demográfica, se profundiza el análisis de las persistentes brechas que se manifiestan en el mercado laboral, de los desafíos en materia de políticas y programas de inclusión laboral y productiva, y de la institucionalidad para el desarrollo social en América Latina.
Realizing Women’s Rights to Land and Other Productive Resources
Social Panorama of Latin America 2015
The 2015 edition of Social Panorama of Latin America analyses poverty trends, as measured by ECLAC. It also examines changes in income distribution and in other aspects of inequality. With a view to contributing to the development of public policies to overcome poverty and socioeconomic inequality, this edition examines the latest trends in social spending and the challenges posed by demographic change, and provides in-depth analysis of persistent gaps in the labour market, of the challenges facing policies and programmes that foster inclusion in the labour market and production, and of social development institutions in Latin America.
Panorama Social de América Latina 2016
El tema central de esta edición del Panorama Social de América Latina es la desigualdad social, considerada como un desafío fundamental y un obstáculo para el desarrollo sostenible. Se abordan algunos de los ejes y dimensiones de la desigualdad social, llamando la atención sobre la forma en que estos se entrecruzan y se potencian mutuamente. En sus distintos capítulos se examinarán las desigualdades en la distribución del ingreso (personal y funcional) y de la propiedad, las desigualdades a lo largo del ciclo de vida, las desigualdades en el uso del tiempo entre hombres y mujeres, y la situación de las poblaciones afrodescendientes como una de las manifestaciones de las desigualdades étnico-raciales. Asimismo, se analizan las tendencias recientes en cuanto a los recursos públicos disponibles para financiar políticas sociales capaces de hacer frente a la pobreza y la desigualdad y promover un desarrollo social inclusivo.
United Nations Disarmament Yearbook 2017: Part I
The United Nations Disarmament Yearbook, Volume 42 (Part I): 2017 is a compilation of the resolutions and decisions of the previous General Assembly, their voting patterns in the General Assembly and the First Committee, lead sponsors, sponsors and co-sponsors, references to First Committee report and dates of adoption.
United Nations Disarmament Yearbook 2018: Part I
The United Nations Disarmament Yearbook, Volume 43 (Part I): 2018 is a compilation of the resolutions and decisions of the 73rd session of the General Assembly, their voting patterns in the General Assembly and the First Committee, lead sponsors, sponsors and co-sponsors, references to First Committee report and dates of adoption.
United Nations Human Rights Guidance on Less-Lethal Weapons in Law Enforcement
After setting forth general principles on use of force, the guidance discusses international norms and standards on the use of less lethal weapons in a scenario-based, weapon-specific manner with a particular focus on the policing of assemblies. If a user in the field is attempting to determine whether law enforcement has used a less-lethal weapon improperly while policing an assembly, he or she can find a description of the weapon, and refer to various scenarios for lawful use, as well as scenarios of unlawful use. Crucially, he or she can also find the specific threshold of conduct, which makes use of that weapon permissible.
White Paper on the Progress, Accomplishments and Future of Sustainable Inland Water Transport
This is the third edition of a policy paper on the current situation, trends and challenges in Inland Water Transport on European inland waterways of international importance in the region of the Economic Commission for Europe. The White Paper describes the current status of the E Waterway Network, the evolution of the institutional and regulatory framework for inland navigation since 2011, recent programmes and activities of UNECE, the European Union and other international organizations. The White Paper identifies eight priority areas to make IWT in the ECE region more sustainable and competitive, and comes up with policy recommendations for UNECE actions for each of them.
Women Shaping Global Economic Governance
Women Shaping Global Economic Governance brings together contributions from leading policymakers and thought leaders from all across the world on how to shape our economies. Written entirely by women, this book is not about women. It is written by women who want to encourage everyone, including the 50% of the global population that are women, to contribute to shaping economic governance at a time where the world is impacted by a digital, environmental and social revolution. The essays and observations show women analysing the challenges confronting economic governance and formulating concrete proposals for how to navigate this period of turbulence.
United Nations Disarmament Yearbook 2019: Part I
The United Nations Disarmament Yearbook, Volume 44 (Part I): 2019 is a compilation of the resolutions and decisions of the 74th session of the General Assembly, their voting patterns in the General Assembly and the First Committee, lead sponsors, sponsors and co-sponsors, references to First Committee report and dates of adoption.
World Drug Report 2018
The 2018 World Drug Report includes an updated overview of recent trends on production, trafficking and consumption of key illicit drugs as well as highlighting a thematic area of concern. The Report contains a global overview of the baseline data and estimates on drug demand and supply, and it provides the reference point of information on the drug situation worldwide. The thematic focus of the 2018 Report presents information and issues related to drugs and women, youth and older people.
Emerging Solutions for Gender Equality 2018
The HeForShe Champions initiative confronts the gender inequalities faced in three key pillars of society: government, work and academia. Each Champion has made specific, stretching and measurable commitments towards achieving gender equality. This Report updates their progress over the past year, with hard data on gender representation and highlights of key achievements. This publication is packed with ideas turned into reality. It is a testament to the vision and hard work of everyone involved in the initiative.
Empowering Women Through Public Procurement
From Insights to Action: Gender Equality in the Wake of COVID-19
Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, shrinking working hours, increased care burdens and heightened violence have exacerbated the challenges that women and girls face. Unless action is taken, by 2021 around 435 million women and girls will be living in extreme poverty, including 47 million pushed into poverty as a result of COVID-19. This publication from UN Women presents the latest evidence on the multiple impacts of the pandemic on women and girls, including how the crisis is affecting extreme poverty, employment, health, unpaid care and violence against women and girls. Policy action is urgently needed to protect women’s health and well-being, including ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health services. The response to COVID-19 must also take into account the risks borne by essential health workers, the majority of whom are women. The report calls for gender-responsive policies, including the introduction of economic support packages for vulnerable women, as well as long-term investments in social protection systems that reach all women and girls. Additionally, improving gender data collection and expanding research on the gendered impacts of COVID-19 will be vital to understand the pandemic’s impact on different groups of women and girls.
Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Data Booklet)
This booklet is based on the Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019, which includes estimates at the global, regional and country level of contraceptive prevalence, unmet need for family planning and SDG indicator 3.7.1 “Proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied by modern methods”.
Évaluation rapide de l’état de préparation du Mali au commerce électronique
Malgré ses difficultés pour faire face aux défis qui ont mis à l’épreuve les capacités de l’État et de la population à sauvegarder l’unité nationale et la sécurité, le Mali n’est pas resté à l’écart des transformations induites par les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC). Son gouvernement a lancé des initiatives dans les domaines de l’administration électronique et des infrastructures des TIC afin de tirer profit des opportunités fournies par le développement de ces dernières, notamment à travers l’adoption du référentiel Mali Numérique 2020, une stratégie nationale pour le développement de l’économie numérique. Une nouvelle dynamique régionale, impulsée par les Ministres du Commerce de l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) dans la Déclaration ministérielle en date du 29 septembre 2017 visant à définir un plan de travail régional pour le développement du commerce électronique, permettra de soutenir les efforts du Mali dans ce domaine. Une première étape dans la préparation de ce plan a été initiée par la Commission de l’UEMOA, en coopération avec la CNUCED, avec l’organisation d’un atelier régional sur le commerce électronique, organisé à Ouagadougou du 9 au 11 octobre 2018. L’impulsion d’institutions régionales telles que l’UEMOA et la Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO), a encouragé les États membres à harmoniser les politiques d’intégration économique, y compris le cadre réglementaire applicable au commerce électronique, et de nouvelles réformes doivent être conduites face aux développements rapides de la digitalisation.
Состояние Мирового Населения 2018
Сила Выбора - Репродуктивные Права и Демографический Переход
Народонаселение мира 2001
Следы и этапы - Народонаселение и изменение окружающей среды
Народонаселение мира в 2020 году
Против моей воли - бросая вызов действиям, наносящим вред женщинам и девочкам и подрывающим равенство
The State of World Population 2020 report will document the origins, drivers and prevalence of harmful practices within and across developing and developed countries as well as in humanitarian settings. It will also show their impact on girls’ and women’s health, well-being and rights throughout their lives, the impact on demographics, national economies, development and eventual achievement of the sustainable development goals. Where relevant, it will highlight the impact on boys.
Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region 2018-2019
The Survey 2018-2019 observes that the Arab region experienced an economic recovery with a growth rate of 2.3% in 2018, up from 1.7% the year before. This recovery was largely attributed to hydrocarbon sector-led growth in the region’s oil-exporting countries, particularly GCC countries. This growth momentum will continue at a modest pace of 2.6% in 2019 and further increase to 3.4% for 2020. Notwithstanding such positive prospect, the region remains linked to geopolitical uncertainties, which are further exacerbated by a number of ongoing intraregional diplomatic rifts and armed conflict. Meanwhile, the Survey 2018-2019 claims that the main challenge facing nowadays the region is its delicate fiscal situation as several Arab countries have already established new energy subsidy systems, aimed at maintaining affordable energy prices against oil price fluctuation. Employing CGE models, the Survey 2018-2019 demonstrates that reducing energy subsidy generates a fiscal space for governments. If the ‘saved’ amounts are totally directed to the reduction of fiscal deficit, fiscal sustainability could be enhanced but economic growth and job creation will be negatively affected. Such simulation result allows policymakers to assess the reform options that promote an inclusive and sustainable development.