Voluntary Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy
Voluntary Peer Reviews on Competition Law and Policy are undertaken by competition policy experts and serve as a basis for peer review examination during the annual session of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts (IGE). The peer review process provides a unique opportunity to examine and draw lessons from experiences of, and challenges faced by, countries in the implementation of competition policies. The reports produced during the process regarding the state of competition law and enforcement in reviewed countries are impartial and rigorous, and are undertaken by competition policy experts from both developed and developing countries who have practical experience in implementing competition law. The peer review process is interactive and combines the exchange of experiences with recommendations for possible improvements either in the formulation of the competition law or in its enforcement. Further, it provides interested developing countries with technical assistance in case they are willing to implement the peer review recommendations.
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Voluntary Peer Review of Consumer Protection Law and Policy - Angola
UNCTAD voluntary peer reviews of consumer protection law and policy provide an external and independent assessment of the effectiveness of the consumer protection system in a given country. They analyse the legislative, institutional, and public policy frameworks and the enforcement of relevant legislation to identify key features and areas for improvement in these frameworks and law enforcement; relevant stakeholders’ contributions in this area; and they recommend appropriate measures to be considered by the countries’ authorities. UNCTAD assists countries in the implementation of recommendations through a tailored capacity-building project.
Voluntary Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy - Egypt
UNCTAD Voluntary Peer Reviews on Competition Law and Policy have been facilitated by UNCTAD since 2005, promoting the exchange of experience and knowledge between advanced and less experienced Competition Authorities and fostering international cooperation. These exercises are one of the technical cooperation products of UNCTAD in the field of competition law and policy, being included in the UNCTAD Toolbox (2020). The voluntary peer review on competition law and policy of Egypt is the second of an Arab member State (the first one was Tunisia in 2006). The scope of this exercise is focused on the substantive provisions of Egyptian competition law and enforcement practices of the Egypt Competition Authority (ECA), as well as ECA’s international cooperation, and the gathering of the necessary information and testimonials which is currently underway. It will contribute to the improvement of Egypt’s legal and institutional framework, law enforcement and cooperation on competition law and policy between relevant stakeholders.
Voluntary Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy - Paraguay
The review evaluates Paraguay's competition system, examining its legal framework and practical application of competition law. It analyzes the current situation based on extensive research and expert opinions gathered during a visit to Asuncion in October 2022. This includes a review of constitutional text, competition laws, regulations, and decisions by the Competition Agency (Conacom). Despite having a competition law for 10 years, enforcement faces challenges due to resource constraints. Conacom has investigated few cases of restrictive practices and abuses of dominant position, consistently rejecting accusations by the Investigation Directorate. Sanctions lack deterrence, capped at 150% of profits or 20% of sales, potentially leading to minimal penalties. Moreover, the absence of an immunity and leniency program is a major shortcoming in Paraguay's competition enforcement and advocacy efforts.
Voluntary Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy - Bangladesh
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) voluntary peer reviews of competition law and policies are conducted at annual meetings of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Competition Law and Policy or at five-yearly United Nations Conferences to Review the United Nations Set. The substantive preparation was carried out by the Competition and Consumer Policies Branch (CCPB) of UNCTAD under the direction of Teresa Moreira, Head of CCPB. This report was prepared for UNCTAD by Maria Leonila Papa. The substantive backstopping and review of the report was the responsibility of Dr. Pierre Horna and Elizabeth Gachuiri, assisted by Hyejong Kwon, Competition and Consumer Policies Branch, under the guidance of Teresa Moreira, Head of the Branch, UNCTAD. Elona Lazaj assisted in coordinating the process with the Bangladesh Competition Commission and the consultant as part of the UNCTAD team for the Bangladesh peer review on competition policy.
Voluntary Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy - Malawi
The UNCTAD voluntary peer review of competition law and policy of Malawi was conducted at the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Competition Law and Policy meeting in Geneva on July 8th, 2021.
