Drugs Crime and Terrorism
Safeguarding Sport from Corruption
Focus on the FIFA World Cup 2026 and the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles
The present report is part of the ongoing work of the UNODC Programme on Safeguarding Sport from Corruption and Economic Crime to strengthen the fight against corruption in sport which is undertaken in cooperation with a range of partners including the International Olympic Committee and is the result of a meeting organized on the margins of the tenth session of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption held in Atlanta United States of America. Building on an overview of the two events with a focus on their scale and geographic footprint and of the sports-corruption-risk landscape highlighting risks relating to major sports events specific corruption-related threats to the FIFA World Cup 2026 and the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles are examined in detail while good practices in mitigating risks relating to major sports events are also shared.
Global Analysis on Crimes That Affect the Environment
The Earth is simultaneously facing climate change biodiversity loss and pollution. Yet a significant aspect of this triple planetary crisis is overlooked - crime. Crimes that affect the environment contribute to each element of the triple planetary crisis to some degree. But until now there has never been a global overview of the nature and extent of crimes that affect the environment. This first-ever Global Analysis on Crimes that Affect the Environment is a robust exploration of what crimes that affect the environment are how they are committed the role of organized crime groups and corruption what drives people and corporations to commit crimes that affect the environment what are the supply chain structures of illegal environmental commodities what does this all mean for improved policies and prevention strategies and what are the impacts of crimes that affect the environment.
Introduction
The Earth is facing a triple planetary crisis – climate change biodiversity loss and pollution. One aspect of combating this crisis is protecting the planet through the criminalization of acts that harm the environment. Some international organizations and studies have called for legislative frameworks to be improved and for crimes that affect the environment to be defined as serious and/or organized crimes. United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/76/185 also “calls upon Member States to make crimes that affect the environment where appropriate serious crimes”. Criminalization can be an important symbol that certain actions are prohibited. Having higher penalties for crimes can not only dissuade potential and repeat offenders it can also broaden the range of investigative tools and resources for law enforcement. In particular if the offence is punishable by a maximum deprivation of liberty of at least four years or a more serious penalty this enables parties to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) to apply extradition and mutual legal assistance.
Conclusions and policy implications
As this review of legislation has shown there is a certain level of criminalization to protect the environment with more than half of all Member States analysed criminalizing criminalizing violations of all nine environmental areas. Yet there is still scope for environmental legislation to continue to be improved in terms of more Member States drafting and implementing legislation to protect the environment and more Member States considering having penalties that meet the threshold of a serious crime for the purposes of UNTOC. Nevertheless today in most countries in the world violations of environmental legislation can result in a prison sentence. Violations of waste offences and wildlife offences have the highest levels of criminalization perhaps due to the existence of international conventions relevant to these areas. Waste crime is also an area where the liability of legal persons (such as corporations) is recognized in over three-quarters of countries. In contrast only 19 countries have known liability for legal persons regarding illegal fishing and 20 for illegal logging two crimes in which corporate malfeasance is common indicating economic interests may be blocking efforts to better protect the environment.
World Wildlife Crime Report 2024
Trafficking in Protected Species
This third edition of UNODC’s quadrennial World Wildlife Crime Report aims to provide a tool to assess and improve responses to this hugely damaging form of criminal activity. The present report covers trends in the illicit wildlife trade analyses harms and impacts probes driving factors and takes stock of responses. Wildlife crimes are diverse and often devastating in their impact and consequences. They hamper conservation efforts damage ecosystems and contribute to undermining our planet’s capacity to mitigate climate change. They also infringe on the essential needs income opportunities and cultural rights of local communities and corrode governance and the rule of law. Global recognition of this damage has grown steadily and after two decades of concerted action there is some cause for optimism. There has been tangible success against trafficking of some iconic species while cross-border cooperation and criminalization of wildlife crime have both improved.
What works?
Policy makers regulatory and enforcement agencies and funding institutions have good reason to seek insights into which interventions are effective in decreasing wildlife crime and in what contexts success has been achieved. Such knowledge can inform decisions about which interventions to fund or implement and which policies to pursue.
Impacts and harms
The preceding chapter of this report provides insights based on seizure data into contemporary patterns and trends in wildlife trafficking and considers evidence of the nature of related criminal activities. This current chapter takes stock of the types of harms that can result from wildlife crime. Such analysis was not a feature of the first two editions of the World Wildlife Crime Report but is included here as better understanding of these harms can shape perceptions of wildlife crime’s significance and inform both policy responses and prioritization of actions.
Drivers
The driving forces behind wildlife crime are a complex interplay of motivations and influences from economic incentives to socio-cultural dynamics. This chapter attempts to shed light on the diverse drivers shaping the patterns and trends of criminality connected with wildlife trafficking. Better understanding of these factors can inform the design and refinement of remedial interventions.
Introduction
This third edition of the World Wildlife Crime Report probes recent trends in the illicit trafficking of protected species of wild fauna and flora and provides a broad assessment of current knowledge about the causes and implications of associated crime at a global level.
Preface
I am pleased to present the third edition of UNODC’s World Wildlife Crime Report which aims to provide a tool to assess and improve responses to this hugely damaging form of criminal activity. The present report covers trends in the illicit wildlife trade analyses harms and impacts probes driving factors and takes stock of responses.
Summary, conclusions & policy implications
This third edition of the World Wildlife Crime Report like its predecessors published in 2016 and 2020 probes trends in the illicit trafficking of protected wildlife species. It also presents systematic analyses of wildlife crime harms and impacts probes the factors driving wildlife trafficking trends and takes stock of current knowledge about the effectiveness of the different types of intervention being pursued to resolve this problem.
Acknowledgements
The third edition of the World Wildlife Crime Report was prepared by the Research and Trend Analysis Branch Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime under the supervision of Jean-Luc Lemahieu Director of the Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs and Angela Me Chief of the Research and Trend Analysis Branch.
Tackling Sexual Violence in Somalia: Prevention and Protection
This report is jointly published by the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The report provides a fact-based analysis of progress and obstacles in the prevention and response to conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022. The report covers eight areas. The first is the context in which the violations reported occurred which is one of a non-international armed conflict and a protracted humanitarian crisis. The second area covers the trends and patterns of CRSV. Alleged perpetrators are covered in the third section while the fourth identifies the types of incidents and violations reported and the profile of the survivors. The fifth section covers service provision and the challenges that survivors face. This is followed by a discussion of Somalia’s legal framework on the protection of women and girls as well as legal reform efforts. The seventh area examines good practices for addressing the consequences of sexual violence and the lessons that can be drawn from there. The report concludes with recommendations to the Somali national authorities and the international community.
Drug Trafficking in the Sahel
Drug Trafficking in the Sahel is part of a series of transnational organized crime threat assessment reports on the Sahel. With a focus on cocaine cannabis resin and pharmaceutical opioids the report explores drug trafficking in the Sahel by examining market dynamics trafficking flows the main actors involved and the enablers and impact of this form of trafficking on the region.
伯克利数字开源调查协议
关于有效利用数字开源信息调查违反国际刑法、人权法和人道主义法行为的实用指南
The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations: A Practical Guide on the Effective Use of Digital Open Source Information in International Human Rights Humanitarian Law and Criminal Investigations. The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations identifies international standards for conducting online research of alleged violations of international criminal human rights and humanitarian law. It provides guidance on methodologies and procedures for gathering analyzing and preserving digital information in a professional legal and ethical manner. The Protocol sets out measures that online investigators can and should take to protect the digital physical and psychosocial safety of themselves and others including witnesses victims and first responders (such as citizens activists and journalists) who risk their own wellbeing to document war crimes and human rights violations so that those who are responsible are brought to justice.