Stupéfiants, crime et terrorisme

This report presents supply and demand statistics and analyses on the evolution of the global illicit drug problem, thus allowing for an objective and up-to-date assessment of the world drug situation. The report is divided into two parts. The first deals with trends in illicit drug production, trafficking and consumption, while the second provides the statistics on which the globally aggregated estimates and trends are based. Most of the information included in this report comes from data extracted from the annual report questionnaire (ARQ) sent by governments to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in 2002 and from supplementary documents prepared by various sources.

Through this handbook, UNODC seeks to formally acknowledge and articulate a problem endured by all jurisdictions and to underline the international commitment to addressing it. The aim of this handbook is not simply to address corruption once it occurs but also to help Member States prevent corruption and protect prisoners, staff and communities from its insidious consequences. This is without prejudice to the fact that the management of prisons is one of the most difficult and demanding tasks that societies require, and many prison leaders and staff work with great professionalism and commitment to provide safe, decent and just conditions in prisons.

El Informe Mundial sobre las Drogas, 2005, brinda una de las sinopsis más completas de las tendencias de las drogas ilícitas en el plano internacional. Además, este año presenta la labor de la UNUDD en dos nuevos campos de invistigación. Los dos tienden a obtener y proporcionar instrumentos con los cuales enriquecer nuestra comprensión de una situatión de inmensa complejidad: una estimación del valor financiero del mercado mundial de drogas, y las medidas preliminares con miras a la confección de un índice de drogas ilícitas. El análisis de las tendencias, algunas de las cuales se iniciaron hace una decena de años o más, se presenta en el Volumen 1. En el Volumen 2 se ofrecen estadísticas detalladas. Juntos, esos volúmenes brindan al lector el panorama más reciente de la situación de las drogas ilícitas en nuestros dias.

El objetivo del Informe Mundial sobre las Drogas es ayudar a los Estados Miembros a comprender mejor las tendencias mundiales de las drogas ilícitas y a los gobiernos a reconocer la necesidad de recopilar y comunicar la información sobre drogas más sistemáticamente. La UNODC depende de que los Estados Miembros le aporten datos, principalmente mediante el cuestionario para los informes anuales. Este año se distribuyeron 200 cuestionarios y la UNODC recibió 118 respuestas sobre el uso indebido de drogas y 116 respuestas sobre la oferta ilícita de drogas. En general la posibilidad que tienen los Estados Miembros de suministrar información sobre la oferta ilícita de drogas es mucho mayor que su posibilidad de aportar datos relacionados con la demanda. Pese a un meritorio avance, por ejemplo en materia de estimaciones de prevalencia, queda mucho por hacer antes de poder contar con una base sólida y confiable para un análisis de las tendencias y las políticas.

This Manual provides a set of methods and approaches, and practical guidelines, on the safe handling and disposal of chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of different drugs. The Manual is aimed at all those, who are involved in, or confronted with the need for, the safe handling, transportation, storage and disposal of seized chemicals. The methods and approaches described reflect the breadth of circumstances under which illicit drug manufacture occurs worldwide, ranging from recycling to disposal at the site of seizure, for example, at a clandestine laboratory site.

The Global Illicit Drug Trends presents statistics on production, trafficking and consumption of illicit drugs worldwide. These statistics are supplemented by analysis, which focuses on the issue of Clandestine Synthetic Drugs. The discussion includes the phenomenon of synthetic drugs, its intrinsic characteristics and some of its likely future developments. The second special theme of this year's report concentrates on Main Centres of Illicit Opium Production, and tries to explain why production has reached such high levels in Afghanistan and Myanmar. Numerous tables, graphs and maps enrich the report.

Para preparar dicho Informe Mundial sobre las Drogas, la UNODC depende de los datos que los Estados Miembros proporcionan, fundamentalmente mediante los cuestionarios para los informes anuales. Los cuestionarios se distribuyeron a 192 Estados Miembros y la UNODC recibió de estos Estados Miembros (y territorios) 110 respuestas a la sección sobre el consumo ilícito y 114 respuestas a la sección sobre la oferta ilícita de drogas. Los Estados Miembros suelen estar en condiciones mucho mejores de proporcionar información sobre la oferta ilícita de drogas que sobre la demanda. Pese a un meritorio avance, por ejemplo, en materia de estimaciones de la prevalencia, queda mucho por hacer para poder contar con una base sólida y fiable para un análisis de las tendencias y las políticas. El Informe incluye análisis en profundidad e intersectorial de los mercados transnacionales de drogas (capítulo 1), así como los últimos datos y tendencias estadísticas sobre la situación mundial de las drogas (capítulo 2). Este año se analiza también en el Informe la repercusión del tráfico transnacional ilícito en los países de tránsito (capítulo 3).

The present report, based on data obtained primarily from the annual reports questionnaire (ARQ) sent by Governments to UNDCP in 1999, presents not only the supply side data but also the demand side data, in an effort to give a balanced approach in the assessment of the drug problem. In addressing the global trends in illicit drug supply and trafficking, the report discusses cultivation, manufacture, trafficking routes, methods of transportation and seizures. On the demand side, the report focuses on global trends, the extent of drug abuse, drug abuse among youth and prison populations, modes of intake and costs and the consequences of drug abuse. Numerous tables, graphs and maps enrich the report.

This is the official record of the report of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on its fifty-ninth session 11 December 2015 and 14-22 March 2016.

This annual report prepared by The Board provides a comprehensive account of the global drug situation, analyses trends in drug abuse and drug trafficking and suggests necessary remedial action. Divided into four parts, it covers the following topics: drugs and corruption, functioning of the international drug control system, analysis of the world situation and finally, a set of recommendations to Governments, the United Nations and other relevant international and regional organizations. A set of Annexes follows as well.

The Roadmap for the Development of Prison-based Rehabilitation Programs focuses on the three core areas of education, vocational training and work in prisons.

Prepared by the Board, this annual report presents an analysis of the information at its disposal and, in appropriate cases, an account of the explanations, if any, given by or required of Parties, together with any observations and recommendations which The Board desires to make. This report is submitted to the Economic and Social Council through the Commission, which may make such comments as it sees fit.

The illicit drug trade touches millions of lives in both developed and developing countries. Economic reliance on the drug trade, and drug addiction, leaves many individuals open to exploitation by criminals and criminal organizations; threatening the health of men, women and children, the rule of law, and ultimately, the vitality and strength of all our communities. This Report, issued by the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, describes and explains the extent and development of this complex problem-and the important progress that has been made in recent years towards its amelioration. Illustrated with numerous maps, graphs, charts and tables, the World Drug Report 2000 provides the reader with a unique insight into the realities of the international drug problem and reveals the most complete picture of the extent of the problem.

Some 200 million people, or 5 percent of the global population age 15-64, have used illicit drugs at least once in the last 12 months. Among this population are people from almost every country on earth. More people are involved in the production and trafficking of illicit drugs and still more are touched by the devastating social and economic costs of this problem. Partially a consequence of its pervasiveness and partially a consequence of the illicit and hidden nature of the problem, reliable analysis and statistics on the production, trafficking and use of illicit drugs are rare. The World Drug Report 2006 endeavours to fill this gap. It provides one of the most comprehensive overviews of illicit drug trends at the international level. In addition, it presents a special thematic chapter on cannabis, by far the most widely produced, trafficked and used drug in the world. The analysis of trends, some going back 10 years or more, is presented in Volume 1. Detailed statistics are presented in Volume 2. Taken together, these volumes provide the most up-to-date view of today’s illicit drug situation.

In order to prepare the World Drug Report, UNODC relies on Member States to provide data, primarily through the Annual Reports Questionnaire (ARQ). The ARQ was distributed to 192 Member States, and UNODC received 110 replies to the drug abuse section and 114 replies to the illicit supply of drugs section from Member States (and territories). In general, most countries’ ability to provide information on illicit drug supply is significantly better than their ability to provide demand-related data. Despite commendable progress, for example in the area of prevalence estimates, far more remains to be done to provide a solid, reliable basis for trend and policy analysis. The report includes in-depth and cross-sectoral analyses of transnational drug markets (chapter 1) as well as the latest statistical data and trends regarding the world drug situation (chapter 2). This year, the report also discusses the impact of transnational drug trafficking on transit countries (chapter 3).

The Report continues to provide in depth trend analysis of the four main drug markets in its first section. In addition, to mark the one hundred year anniversary of the Shanghai Opium Commission, and one hundred years of international drug control, the Report contains an in-depth look at the development of the international drug control system. The Report also contains a small statistical annex which provides a detailed look at production, prices and consumption. As in previous years, the present Report is based on data obtained primarily from the annual reports questionnaire (ARQ) sent by Governments to UNODC in 2007, supplemented by other sources when necessary and where available. Two of the main limitations herein are: (i) that ARQ reporting is not systematic enough, both in terms of number of countries responding and of content, and (ii) that most countries lack the adequate monitoring systems required to produce reliable, comprehensive and internationally comparable data. National monitoring systems are, however, improving and UNODC has contributed to this process.

Chapter I of this year’s World Drug Report provides an overview of recent trends and the state of drug production, trafficking, and consumption, and its consequences in terms of treatment and related illnesses and deaths to drugs. Chapter II presents from a diachronic point of view the characteristics of the drug problem, its evolution and the main factors that determine it. It starts with an examination of the main features of the current problem, followed by a presentation of the changes observed in recent decades, and concludes with an analysis of the factors that have influenced its evolution and a brief overview of likely future trends.

The World Drug Report presents a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in drug markets. It covers production, trafficking, consumption and the related health consequences. Chapter 1 of this year’s Report examines the global situation and the latest trends in the different drug markets and the extent of illicit drug use, as well as the related health impact. Chapter 2 addresses the issue of precursor control, which has gained in prominence given the growing manufacture of synthetic drugs.

The 2018 World Drug Report includes an updated overview of recent trends on production, trafficking and consumption of key illicit drugs as well as highlighting a thematic area of concern. The Report contains a global overview of the baseline data and estimates on drug demand and supply, and it provides the reference point of information on the drug situation worldwide. The thematic focus of the 2018 Report presents information and issues related to drugs and women, youth and older people.

Desde hace más de 20 años y de conformidad con el mandato que se le encomendó en virtud de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1988, así como las distintas resoluciones aprobadas por el Consejo de Seguridad, el Consejo Económico y Social y la Comisión de Estupefacientes, la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes (JIFE) ha vigilado y promovido medidas de fiscalización nacional e internacional de los precursores y sustancias químicas utilizados en la fabricación ilícita de drogas. También ha llevado a cabo las numerosas tareas que le ha confiado la comunidad internacional, entre ellas la de administrar el sistema de fiscalización internacional de precursores y presentar informes acerca de su aplicación, vigilar el movimiento lícito de las sustancias químicas incluidas en los cuadros; y vigilar y analizar las actividades de tráfico ilícito e informar al respecto.

This annual report prepared by The Board provides a comprehensive account of the global drug situation, analyses trends in drug abuse and drug trafficking and suggests necessary remedial action. Divided into four parts, it covers the following topics: drugs and corruption, functioning of the international drug control system, analysis of the world situation and finally, a set of recommendations to governments, the United Nations and other relevant international and regional organizations. A set of Annexes follows.

As a response to the growing concern of States regarding the nexus between transnational organized crime (TOC) and terrorism (often referred to as simply: the Nexus), the United Nations Inter-regional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) has been working in partnership with the Netherlands under the umbrella of the Global Counter-terrorism Forum (GCTF) Nexus between Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism Initiative (Nexus Initiative), to support the international community on this matter. This Nexus Policy Toolkit marks the culmination of the process of research and consultation, and was designed to further support practitioners, policymakers as well as other governmental experts, to formulate responses and to translate the Good Practices into concrete actions. More specifically, the Toolkit will help States to better understand this evolving phenomenon; and, provide States with guidance on how to respond to the links between organized crime and terrorism. The Toolkit also provides definitions and watch points that facilitate its ‘monitoring’.

Desde hace más de 20 años y de conformidad con el mandato que se le encomendó en virtud de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1988, así como las distintas resoluciones aprobadas por el Consejo de Seguridad, el Consejo Económico y Social y la Comisión de Estupefacientes, la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes (JIFE) ha vigilado y promovido medidas de fiscalización nacional e internacional de los precursores y sustancias químicas utilizados en la fabricación ilícita de drogas. También ha llevado a cabo las numerosas tareas que le ha confiado la comunidad internacional, entre ellas la de administrar el sistema de fiscalización internacional de precursores y presentar informes acerca de su aplicación, vigilar el movimiento lícito de las sustancias químicas incluidas en los cuadros; y vigilar y analizar las actividades de tráfico ilícito e informar al respecto.

Le présent répertoire contient une liste de toutes les autorités nationales habilitées à délivrer des certificats et des autorisations pour l’importation et l’exportation de stupéfiants et desubstances psychotropes, conformément aux dispositions de l’article 18 de la Convention unique sur les stupéfiants de 1961 et de l’article 16 de la Convention de 1971 sur les substances psychotropes. Cette liste est publiée en application des Conventions de 1961 et de 1971, conformément à la pratique établie après l’entrée en vigueur de la Convention pour limiter la fabrication et réglementer la distribution des stupéfiants de 1931 qui a été placée sous l’égide de l’Organisation des Nations Unies par le Protocole de 1946 amendant cette dernière convention. Cette liste a été établie à partir des données communiquées au Secrétaire général dans les rapports annuels sur le fonctionnement des traités internationaux concernant le contrôle des drogues envoyés par les États parties ou non parties auxdits traités. Les autorités répertoriées au titre de l’article 18 ne sont habilitées qu’à délivrer des autorisations d’importation et d’exportation pour les stupéfiants. Les autorités répertoriées au titre de l’article 16 ne sont habilitées qu’à délivrer des autorisations d’importation et d’exportation pour les substances psychotropes. Les autorités répertoriées au titre des articles 18 et 16 sont habilitées à délivrer des autorisations d’importation et d’exportation pour les stupéfiants et pour les substances psychotropes. L’absence de référence à un article de ces conventions avant le nom d’une autorité figurant dans ce répertoire signifie que le gouvernement n’a pas précisé le mandat de l’autorité en question. S’il n’y a pas d’adresse de contact pour un pays, territoire ou zone dans la liste des autorités nationales compétentes au titre de l’article 18 de la Convention unique sur les stupéfiants de 1961 et de l’article 16 de la Convention de 1971 sur les substances psychotropes figurant dans la présente publication, il se peut que la liste des autorités nationales compétentes au titre de l’article 12 de la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes de 1988 contienne une adresse utilisable pour ce même pays, territoire ou zone.

Reports indicate that, in the past years, thousands of persons below the age of eighteen (hereinafter “children”) have been recruited and exploited by terrorist and violent extremist groups. These children are subject to violence at multiple levels, and, at the same time, they may become particularly dangerous instruments in the hands of those exploiting them and/or instrumentalising them for committing criminal or terrorism-related offences. The guidance provided in this Roadmap is based on multiple relevant legal regimes, namely, international human rights law, international law regarding counter-terrorism, international criminal law, international humanitarian law and international refugee law.

La publication de l’ONUDC intitulée Terminologie et informations relatives aux drogues présente des concepts et informations de base au sujet des substances placées sous contrôle international les plus couramment fabriquées ou transformées et/ou consommées hors cadre thérapeutique, et elle définit les termes scientifiques utilisé dans ce contexte. La nouvelle édition a pour objet de refléter les évolutions des marchés de la drogue et les décisions de placement sous contrôle de la Commission des stupéfiants intervenues ces dernières années.

This special issue of the Bulletin on Narcotics s part of a broader process that the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has undertaken to develop a thematic field of research on alternative development. It elaborates on the thematic chapter of the World Drug Report 2015 by showing in more detail the evolving debate around alternative development and the new ways in which it is implemented in practice. The World Drug Report 2015 documented how alternative development interventions have evolved over the years, reaching a multidimensional approach beyond the single focus on reducing illicit drug cultivation, while recognizing that adequate funding and political support bring the long-term socioeconomic and environmental development needed to sustain the reduction of income from illicit crops. The country case studies presented in this special issue show that there are opportunities to improve alternative development and come up with more sustainable solutions, but they also highlight how complex the local contexts can be in areas where alternative development is implemented. While there can be no single blueprint for successful and sustainable alternative development interventions, this issue of the Bulletin on Narcotics shows how alternative development can be most effective, how it can be better integrated within broader development and governance efforts, and how it can be linked more strongly to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals.

This annual report prepared by The Board provides a comprehensive account of the global drug situation, analyses trends in drug abuse and drug trafficking and suggests necessary remedial action. Divided into four parts, it covers the following topics: drugs and corruption, functioning of the international drug control system, analysis of the world situation and finally, a set of recommendations to Governments, the United Nations and other relevant international and regional organizations. A set of Annexes follows as well.

The World Drug Report provides an annual overview of recent developments for various drug categories. Chapter one of the World Drug Report 2015 provides a global overview of the latest developments with respect to opiates, cocaine, cannabis and synthetic drugs, ranging from production to trafficking as well as consumption and the health impact of drug use. Chapter two focuses on Alternative Development, its relation to illicit cultivation, and also within the broader context of the development agenda.

The World Drug Report presents a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in drug markets. It covers production, trafficking, consumption and related health consequences. Chapter 1 of this year’s report examines the global situation and the latest trends in the different drug markets and the extent of illicit drug use, as well as the related health impact. Chapter 2 addresses the phenomenon of new psychoactive substances (NPS), which can have deadly consequences for their users but are hard to control, with dynamic, fastmutating producers and “product lines” which have emerged over the past decade.

This report includes an updated overview of recent trends on production, trafficking and consumption of key illicit drugs as well as highlighting a thematic area of concern. It maintains a global overview of the baseline data and estimates on drug demand and supply and provides a reference point on the drug situation worldwide. The thematic focus of the 2017 edition is on the links that exist between drugs, terrorism, corruption, transnational organized crime and illicit financial flows.

The World Drug Report provides an annual overview of recent developments for various drug categories. Chapter one of the World Drug Report 2015 provides a global overview of the latest developments with respect to opiates, cocaine, cannabis and synthetic drugs, ranging from production to trafficking as well as consumption and the health impact of drug use. Chapter two focuses on Alternative Development, its relation to illicit cultivation, and also within the broader context of the development agenda.

The World Drug Report 2016, which provides a comprehensive overview of major developments in drug markets, trafficking routes and the health impact of drug use, supports comprehensive, balanced and integrated rights-based approaches. This year’s report offers insight into the wide-ranging impact of drugs not only on the health and well-being of individuals, but also on the people around them — families and communities. This can include such harms as HIV, as well as the threat of violence, faced in particular by women and children. It looks at issues of gender, marginalization, stigmatization, violence and human rights, and considers how counter-narcotics strategies can be sensitive to environmental concerns such as deforestation and pollution. It examines the use of the “dark net” and new technologies for drug trafficking, as well as the potential of illicit drug profits to fund terrorism and violent extremism. This report, as ith all of the Office’s expertise and on-the-ground experience in addressing the many aspects of the world drug problem, is at the disposal of Member States as they strive to meet this call to action.

This report includes an updated overview of recent trends on production, trafficking and consumption of key illicit drugs as well as highlighting a thematic area of concern. It maintains a global overview of the baseline data and estimates on drug demand and supply and provides a reference point on the drug situation worldwide. The thematic focus of the 2017 edition is on the links that exist between drugs, terrorism, corruption, transnational organized crime and illicit financial flows.

This second edition of State of Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption: Criminalization, Law Enforcement and International Cooperation, which was launched during the 7th session of the Conference of the States Parties (Vienna, 6-10 November 2017).The study is based on the findings and results emanating from the first cycle reviews of the implementation of the Convention by 156 States parties (2010-2015).It contains a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of chapters III (Criminalization and law enforcement) and IV (International cooperation) of the Convention. More specifically, the study: (a) identifies and describes trends and patterns in the implementation of the above-mentioned chapters, focusing on systematic or, where possible, regional commonalities and variations; (b) highlights successes and good practices on the one hand, and challenges in implementation on the other; (c) provides an overview of the emerging understanding of the Convention and differences in the reviews, where they have been encountered.

Prepared by the Board, this annual report presents an analysis of the information at its disposal and, in appropriate cases, an account of the explanations, if any, given by or required of Parties, together with any observations and recommendations which The Board desires to make. This report is submitted to the Economic and Social Council through the Commission, which may make such comments as it sees fit.

This issue of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime journal Forum on Crime and Society focuses on wildlife crime. It contains articles by a range of researchers and academics with experience in the subject. Forum on Crime and Society is issued by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), based in Vienna. It presents policy-oriented articles on issues related to crime prevention and criminal justice, focusing on trends and practices in the field of criminal justice that are of special significance to the international community.