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Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
Sep 2019This is the annual report submitted to the General Assembly by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on its Sixty-first Session (20-29 June 2018)
Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
Sep 2019This is the annual report submitted to the General Assembly by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on its Sixty-first Session (12-21 June 2019)
The European union space programmes: European global navigation satellite system and copernicus
Sep 2019The following sections introduce the infrastructure and market aspects of Galileo and EGNOS as well as their main application areas.
European global navigation satellite system-copernicus contribution to individual SDGs
Sep 2019Even though the SDGs are not legally binding governments are expected to take ownership and establish national frameworks for the achievement of the 17 Goals introduced previously and presented in figure VIII. Countries have the primary responsibility for follow-up and review of the progress made in implementing the Goals which will require quality accessible and timely data collection.
European global navigation satellite system-copernicus synergies in support of the SDGs
Sep 2019Between the providers of satellite signals/data and final users there are many actors that support the final implementation of end-to-end solutions. Their overall role in offering the best value to users and citizens is critical and may have a large impact on how the space technologies eventually contribute to the SDGs. The value chains of the two European flagship programmes EGNSS and Copernicus present many commonalities despite the complementary nature of the services they provide. As highlighted in figure VI four common levels can be identified between the two value chains:
Background of the study
Sep 2019The General Assembly resolution entitled “Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”3 calls for the exploitation of a wide range of data including Earth observation (EO) data and geospatial information in order to support the sustainable development of nations and regions. Space technology is one of several technologies essential for successfully implementing the 2030 Agenda. It provides data information and services that directly or indirectly contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or to assessing and monitoring progress towards achieving the Goals.
Foreword
Sep 2019It is with great pleasure that I present this joint study on the role of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and Earth observation (EO) with special focus on European GNSS and Copernicus in supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Foreword by the Director of the Office for Outer Space Affairs
Sep 2019The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development came into effect on 1 January 2016. The Agenda is anchored around 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which set the targets to be fulfilled by all governments by 2030. The demanding Goals set out by this Agenda cannot be reached without a concerted effort on the part of institutions and will require the use of the right tools. In SDG 17 the Agenda itself stresses the need for partnerships to reach its Goals.
Executive summary
Sep 2019Despite the growing global economy and the technological progress observed in the past decades there are still many societal challenges that need to be overcome to enhance human development. The United Nations involving more than 190 Member States has developed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in order to address these challenges in the form of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 associated specific targets.
European Global Navigation Satellite System and Copernicus
Sep 2019This report investigates how European Union space technologies support the fulfilment of the SDGs. It has been jointly prepared by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)—in charge of promoting international cooperation in the peaceful use and exploration of space and in the utilization of space science and technology for sustainable economic and social development—and the European GNSS Agency (GSA) which is the European Union agency operating EGNOS and Galileo and is in charge of ensuring the maximization of socioeconomic benefits from the use of the European Union satellite navigation systems. The analysis shows that all the SDGs are positively impacted by the benefits stemming from the use of European Global Navigation Satellite Systems (EGNSS) and Copernicus applications and out of the 169 indicators associated 65 (almost 40 per cent) directly benefit from using the EGNSS and Copernicus services either helping monitor the status of achievement of a given SDG or actively contributing to its fulfilment.
The Interoperable Global Navigation Satellite Systems Space Service Volume
Aug 2019The availability and performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals at high altitude is documented as the GNSS Space Service Volume (SSV). While different definitions of the SSV exist and may continue to exist for the different service providers within the context of this booklet it is defined as the region of space between 3000 km and 36000 km above the Earth’s surface which is the geostationary altitude. For space users located at low altitudes (below 3000 km) the GNSS signal reception is similar to that for terrestrial users and can be conservatively derived from the results presented for the lower SSV in this booklet.
Executive summary
Aug 2019Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) which were originally designed to provide positioning velocity and timing services for terrestrial users are now increasingly utilized for autonomous navigation in space as well. Historically most space users have been located at low altitudes where GNSS signal reception is similar to that on the ground. More recently however users are relying on these signals at high altitudes near to or above the GNSS constellations themselves.
Acknowledgements
Aug 2019This booklet was published by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs in its capacity as executive secretariat of ICG and its Providers’ Forum. Sincere thanks to all who have helped and who recognize the in-space advantages of the SSV specification and provide leadership in developing an SSV specification for the GNSS constellations.
Detailed simulation configuration and results
Aug 2019This chapter provides the full set of SSV simulation results as well as the configuration and methodology used to execute the simulations themselves. This information should allow the simulations to be independently implemented and the results to be independently reproduced.
Simulated performance of interoperable space service volume
Aug 2019The Working Group B of the International Committee on GNSS (ICG WG-B) has simulated the GNSS single- and multiple-constellation performance expectations in the SSV based on the individual constellation signal characteristics documented in chapter 4. As outlined in chapter 3 navigation performance in the SSV is primarily characterized by three properties: user range error (URE) received signal power and signal availability. The focus of these simulations is on signal availability which serves as a proxy for navigation capability.
Conclusions and recommendations
Aug 2019GNSS which were originally designed to provide positioning and timing services to users on the ground are increasingly being utilized for on-board autonomous navigation in space. While use of GNSS in LEO has become routine its use in higher orbits has historically posed unique and difficult challenges including limited geometric visibility and reduced signal strength. Only recently have these been overcome by high-altitude users through weak-signal processing techniques and on-board estimation filters.
Interoperable GNSS space service volume
Aug 2019Historically most space users have been located at low altitudes where GNSS signal reception is similar to that on the ground. More recently however users are relying on these signals at high altitudes near to or above the GNSS constellations themselves. The availability and performance of GNSS signals at high altitude is documented as the GNSS SSV. While different definitions of the SSV exist and may continue to exist for the different service providers within the context of this booklet it is defined as the region of space between 3000 km and 36000 km above the Earth’s surface which is the geostationary altitude. For space users located at low altitudes (below 3000 km) the GNSS signal reception is similar to that for terrestrial users and can be conservatively derived from the results presented for the lower SSV in this booklet.