Public Health
Foreword
The world is now two years into the COVID-19 pandemic and the end is nowhere in sight.
Acknowledgements
The World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022 is a report produced by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) in partnership with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC) Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) and Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UNESCWA). The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) also contributed to the report. The forecasts presented in the report draw on the World Economic Forecasting Model (WEFM) of UN DESA as well as inputs from the United Nations regional commissions.
The monetary policy response to COVID-19: direct impacts and spillovers
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the worst global economic downturn in almost a century. Since the onset countries around the world have rolled out extraordinary macroeconomic measures to save people’s livelihoods limit economic damage and kickstart recovery. With less room to reduce interest rates than during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis central banks especially in developed countries relied more heavily on unconventional monetary policy tools. The most notable involved large-scale asset purchases to spur liquidity prevent financial meltdown and stimulate economic activities.
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022
This is the United Nations definitive report on the state of the world economy providing global and regional economic outlook for 2022 and 2023. The World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022 will examine the recovery of the global economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to presenting the latest UN growth forecasts the report will provide a comprehensive assessment of economic developments risk factors and policy challenges. This year’s thematic chapter will discuss the macroeconomic and distributional consequences of monetary policy with particular focus on unconventional measures such as quantitative easing (QE).
Руководство по испытаниям и критериямand - седьмое пересмотренное издание, поправка 1
The Manual of Tests and Criteria contains criteria test methods and procedures to be used for classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of Parts 2 and 3 of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations as well as of chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). As a consequence it supplements also national or international regulations which are derived from the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods or the GHS.
Acknowledgements
Brian Keeley Editor in Chief; Juliano Diniz de Oliveira Research and Policy Specialist; Tara Dooley Deputy Editor; Natalie Rykiel Researcher; Dennis Gayanelo Programme Associate; John McIlwaine Photo Writer and Editor; and Amanda Marlin Chief Editorial Unit Office of Global Insight and Policy.
Statistical tables
The statistical tables in this volume present the most recent key statistics on child survival development and protection for the world’s countries areas and regions. They support UNICEF’s focus on progress and results towards internationally agreed-upon goals and compacts relating to children’s rights and development.
Introduction - A time for leadership on mental health
The COVID-19 pandemic has upended our world creating a global crisis unprecedented in our lifetime. It has created serious concerns about the mental health of children and their families and it has illustrated in stark terms how events in the wider world can affect the world inside our heads. But the pandemic also offers an opportunity to build back better. We have a historic chance to commit communicate and take action to promote protect and care for the mental health of a generation.
The world at large
The world at large imprints on mental health. Poverty undermines physical and mental health and can expose children to violence and trauma; discrimination can expose children to disadvantage prejudice and social exclusion; and humanitarian crises and pandemics – like COVID-19 – can lead to extreme and lasting distress. Resilience helps children better cope with such stresses. Counter to what many people think resilience can be cultivated.
The foundation
Children’s and young people’s mental health is forged by experiences and environments. It is moulded in the worlds of parents and caregivers of communities and schools and of poverty conflict and disease. At critical moments of child development these experiences and environments can harm mental health. Or they can be shaped to promote and protect it.
Manual de Pruebas y Criterios - Séptima edición revisada, Enmienda 1
El “Manual de Pruebas y Criterios” contiene criterios y descripciones de métodos y procedimientos de prueba para la clasificación de mercancías peligrosas de acuerdo con las disposiciones de la Reglamentación Modelo así como de los productos químicos que presentan peligros físicos de acuerdo con el SGA. El Manual complementa por tanto los reglamentos nacionales e internacionales desarrollados a partir de la Reglamentación Modelo o del SGA.
What is being done
The good news is that evidence-based efforts are underway to promote and protect mental health and care for children and young people most in need. And there are nascent initiatives aimed at collecting data and research to make this work increasingly effective and efficient. The bad news is that much much more needs to be done.
The State of the World's Children 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised huge concerns for the mental health of an entire generation of children. But the pandemic may represent only the tip of a mental health iceberg – an iceberg we have ignored for far too long. For the first time The State of the World’s Children 2021 examines the mental health of children and adolescents. Against a backdrop of rising awareness of mental health issues there is now a unique opportunity to promote good mental health for every child protect vulnerable children and care for children facing the greatest challenges. Making that happen will require urgent investment in child and adolescent mental health across sectors – not just in health – to support proven interventions. It will also need societies to break the silence surrounding mental health by addressing stigma promoting understanding and taking seriously the experiences of children and young people.
Mental health
Mental health is a right to be nurtured; it is a positive state of well-being and an essential investment in children and the world. However mental health is far too often an afterthought for decision makers leaders and families – if it is a thought at all. As a result many millions of children and young people struggle in silence thwarted by stigmas and misunderstanding. This silence costs societies many millions of dollars a year. For children and families the cost is incalculable.