Femmes et questions de genre

No country today—even those considered the wealthiest and most developed—can claim to be fully inclusive, where all people have equal opportunities and protections, and fully enjoy their human rights. In many developing countries, women who are poor, in the bottom 20 per cent of the income scale, and particularly those who are in rural areas, are far less likely to have access to contraceptives, and care during pregnancy and birth than their wealthier urban counterparts.

This edition of The State of Food and Agriculture makes the “business case” for addressing gender issues in agriculture and rural employment. The agriculture sector is underperforming in many developing countries, in part because women do not have equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. The gender gap imposes real costs on society in terms of lost agricultural output, food security and economic growth. Promoting gender equality is not only good for women; it is also good for agricultural development.

L’état de la population mondiale 2000 expose les raisons pour lesquelles il faut mettre en pleine lumière l’inégalité entre les sexes et la considérer comme un problème de haute urgence, qui retentit tant sur les droits de la personne que sur les priorités du développement. Le rapport examine les questions suivantes : sexe et santé ; violence à l’égard des femmes et des filles ; droits en matière de reproduction et égalité des sexes ; coût de l’inégalité des sexes ; droits de la femme ; rôle des gouvernements.

Le Dialogue de haut niveau sur la migration internationale et le développement 2006 offre une occasion cruciale de faire en sorte que les voix des femmes migrantes soient entendues. La reconnaissance explicite des droits humains des femmes et la nécessité d’instaurer l’égalité entre les sexes sont une condition préalable fondamentale de toute politique saine, équitable et efficace qui vise à gérer la migration en évitant tout désordre ou manque d’humanité. Ce rapport aborde la migration au XXIe siècle, les femmes et la migration, la traite des femmes, les femmes réfugiées et conclut sur les droits humains des migrants.

This background paper uses a comparative perspective to evaluate the interplay between trade and gender in the context of regional integration efforts in Africa and Latin America, using the case studies of the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), respectively.

This publication documents the origins, drivers and prevalence of harmful practices within and across developing and developed countries as well as in humanitarian settings. It also highlights their impact on girls’ and women’s health, well-being and rights throughout their lives, the impact on demographics, national economies, development and eventual achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Where relevant, it also highlights the impact on boys.

Le Rapport sur le développement humain en Afrique 2016, consacré à l’égalité des sexes, fait suite au Rapport sur le développement humain en Afrique de 2012, qui s’était penché sur l’importance d’assurer la sécurité alimentaire à tous les Africains. Les deux rapports partagent un objectif commun, visant à aborder ce que l’on pourrait considérer, à bien des égards, comme deux questions inscrites au titre du parcours de développement de l’Afrique restées inachevées. Ces deux aspects sont depuis longtemps reconnus en tant que priorités essentielles par les États et les citoyens africains. Le rapport de cette année sur l’égalité des sexes examine les actions entreprises par les pays africains pour accélérer l’autonomisation des femmes à tous les niveaux de la société, au sein du foyer et de la communauté, dans les domaines de la santé et de l’éducation, au travail et en matière de participation politique et de leadership. Bien que des avancées considérables aient été réalisées sur de nombreux fronts dans la plupart des pays, l’égalité des sexes est encore loin d’être satisfaisante. Pour réduire les écarts entre hommes et femmes, le présent rapport adopte une approche de l’égalité des sexes et de l’autonomisation des femmes en Afrique axée sur l’économie politique.

Proponents of inclusive growth advocate for equity considerations to be at the front and center of growth policy. However, their principal concern is with class – not gender equality. This publication shows that economic growth is an inherently gendered process and gender-based inequalities can in fact be barriers to shared prosperity. Gender equality will thus need to be central to any project of inclusion. The book argues that for growth to be gender-equitable and truly inclusive, the pattern of growth must create decent work and productive employment for women and men. This would require policy-makers to rethink the role of macro-level economic policies, including trade, industrial, macro-economic, finance and investment policies, and to adopt human rights as a guiding normative framework. The book highlights the importance of addressing unpaid care and domestic work and calls for a transformative approach that recognizes and values care work.

This publication addresses the issue of military spending from various angles by examining the impact of military expenditures on security; the relationship between military spending and the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; the importance of gender perspectives in rethinking unconstrained military spending; and lessons learned from economic conversion movements. It has been published in support of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Secretary-General’s Agenda for Disarmament to encourage renewed research and analysis on the relationship between military spending and economic and social development.

The report figures show that a gap remains between the representation of women in the workforce and in leadership positions. Overall representation of women averaged 39.7% across the ten firms, while senior leadership roles held by women ranged from 11.0% to 33.0%. While this outperforms global averages, UN Women has set parity as the goal of its Planet 50-50 drive for gender equality.

¿Cómo podremos mejorar las vidas de casi 3.000 millones de personas que viven con menos de dos dólares por día? ¿Cómo salvaremos las vidas de más de 500.000 mujeres que cada año mueren en el parto? ¿Qué será necesario para demostrar a los jóvenes sumidos en la pobreza que el desarrollo los beneficiará y que pueden tener esperanzas en el futuro? Probablemente por primera vez en la historia, ésas no son preguntas formuladas en vano. Tienen respuestas, y esas respuestas atañen a la esencia misma de lo que significa ser un hombre o una mujer, ser rico o ser pobre.

This manual provides corporations and their suppliers with a deeper understanding of the barriers and challenges preventing women-owned businesses from accessing and fully participating in local and global values chains. It provides the tools and techniques for reducing or eliminating these barriers and for leveraging the vast untapped economic potential represented by women-owned businesses. For many women, entrepreneurship offers a path to economic empowerment and it is incumbent upon corporations to help create conditions that permit this.

Pour que les pays les moins avancés (PMA) progressent vers les objectifs de développement durable, ils doivent transformer la structure de leur économie. Ceci, à son tour, nécessite un esprit d’entreprise innovant. Le paysage entrepreneurial dans les PMA est dominé par les micro et petites entreprises ayant de faibles chances de survie et de croissance et peu d’innovation. Bien que les PMA fassent partie des chaînes de valeur mondiales, celles-ci n'offrent que des possibilités limitées de développement et de modernisation de l'esprit d'entreprise. La plupart des politiques et programmes d’entrepreneuriat des PMA visent la création d’emplois, la réduction de la pauvreté et l’autonomisation des femmes et des jeunes. Pour que l’entrepreneuriat soit un moteur de la transformation structurelle, les politiques doivent cibler et soutenir les entreprises à fort potentiel.

Violence against women is an obstacle to achieving the objectives of equality, development and peace. It violates the enjoyment by women of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. In all societies, women and girls are subjected to physical, sexual and psychological abuse that cuts across lines of income, class and culture. Data on the prevalence and incidence of various forms of violence against women, as well as the causes and consequences of violence, are the starting point for developing effective mechanisms at policy levels to eradicate this phenomenon. Properly designed and executed, surveys produce the most reliable data on the prevalence of violence and shed light on the scope, nature and consequences of many types of violence against women. Surveys can also collect information on circumstances surrounding violence, health consequences and the actions the women took to seek help.

Entrepreneurship is a key means through which women can both empower themselves and contribute to inclusive and sustainable development. A vital part of this agenda includes the 61.3 million women who own and operate businesses within the ten member States of ASEAN. It is the particular challenges and opportunities that the recently introduced ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) will bring to women entrepreneurs which provide the impetus and focus for this report. The measures set out in the AEC Blueprint 2025 are expected to affect the prospects for SME growth in various ways. This publication proposes critical actions that can be taken by ASEAN governments to address the particular constraints facing women entrepreneurs — in association with the finance sector, entrepreneur associations, international agencies, civil society and other key actors — towards the realization of both the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the AEC Blueprint 2025.

This book provides a transcription of the reports written by undercover agent Paul Kinsie for the League of Nations Special Body of Experts on Traffic in Women and Children in the mid-1920s. Between 1924 and 1926, a team travelled to more than a hundred cities in Europe, the Americas and the Mediterranean area to interview individuals involved in the regulation, repression, medical control, organization and practice of the sex trade. American undercover agents were included on the team to infiltrate the so-called ‘underworld’ and obtain ‘facts’ about the traffic. Among these, Kinsie was the most prolific. He visited more than forty cities and produced hundreds of reports in which his contacts with prostitutes, brothel owners, madams, pimps and procurers are described in detail. For a proper contextualization of the reports, scholars from around the world were asked to provide short introductions to the situation with regard to prostitution in each city that was visited. The book offers a unique source of information which is of great ethnographic value for people interested in the history of human trafficking and prostitution.

This book provides a transcription of the reports written by undercover agent Paul Kinsie for the League of Nations Special Body of Experts on Traffic in Women and Children in the mid-1920s. Between 1924 and 1926, a team travelled to more than a hundred cities in Europe, the Americas and the Mediterranean area to interview individuals involved in the regulation, repression, medical control, organization and practice of the sex trade. American undercover agents were included on the team to infiltrate the so-called ‘underworld’ and obtain ‘facts’ about the traffic. Among these, Kinsie was the most prolific. He visited more than forty cities and produced hundreds of reports in which his contacts with prostitutes, brothel owners, madams, pimps and procurers are described in detail. For a proper contextualization of the reports, scholars from around the world were asked to provide short introductions to the situation with regard to prostitution in each city that was visited. The book offers a unique source of information which is of great ethnographic value for people interested in the history of human trafficking and prostitution.

This publication illustrates the 70+ year-long history of the Commission on the Status of Women, which through 62 sessions has consistently advocated for the realization of gender equality and the empowerment of women and enjoyment of their human rights, in an effort to realize the substantive equality of all women and girls, everywhere. In the era of the 2030 and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, and all States’ commitment to leave no one behind and reach those furthest behind first, the Commission has confirmed its leadership role in strengthening, deepening and expanding the global normative framework for gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, and monitoring agreed actions.

Hoy por hoy, ningún país —ni siquiera los que se consideran más ricos y desarrollados— puede describirse como una nación totalmente inclusiva en la que todas las personas disfrutan de igualdad de oportunidades y protección y ejercen plenamente sus derechos humanos. Entre los derechos humanos acordados internacionalmente, el derecho a la salud sexual y reproductiva desempeña un papel central para el bienestar humano. Este derecho fue ratificado por 179 Gobiernos en el Programa de Acción de la Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo (CIPD) de 1994. Conforme al Programa de Acción, los derechos individuales y la dignidad —incluidos la igualdad de derechos de las mujeres y las niñas, y el acceso universal a la salud y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos— son condición previa para el logro del desarrollo sostenible. Sin embargo, sigue habiendo numerosas brechas en el cumplimiento de los compromisos. Algunos de los peores casos se dan en las mujeres y niñas que ya padecen otras formas de exclusión —en especial la pobreza— En numerosos países en desarrollo, las mujeres pobres —con ingresos situados en el 20% más bajo de la escala— y, en especial, las que viven en zonas rurales, presentan muchas menos probabilidades de disfrutar de acceso a anticonceptivos o atención de salud durante el embarazo y el parto que las mujeres más ricas de las zonas urbanas.

The State of World Population 2008 demonstrates that an appreciation for cultures and values is a critical but sometimes overlooked aspect of successful development strategies. It shows how culture can strengthen and validate human rights perspectives and enable their broader acceptance, ownership and realization. The report argues that synergy between the global human rights agenda and cultural aims can help advance the Millennium Development Goals and contribute to ending extreme poverty.

L’état de la population mondiale est un rapport annuel publié par le Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population (FNUAP). Chaque édition couvre et analyse les évolutions et les tendances de la population mondiale et de la démographie et approfondit la recherche concernant les régions, les pays et des groupes de population spécifiques. Le rapport se penche également sur les défis particuliers auxquels ces groupes peuvent être confrontés.