United Nations

The International Law Commission was established in 1947 with a view to carrying out the responsibility of the General Assembly, under article 13(1)(a) of the Charter of the United Nations, to “initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of ... encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification.” Since its first session in 1949, the Commission has considered a wide-range of topics of international law and made a number of proposals for its codification and progressive development, some of which have served as the basis for the subsequent adoption of major multilateral treaties. The Yearbook of the International Law Commission contains the official records of the Commission and is an indispensable tool for the preservation of the legislative history of the documents emanating from the Commission, as well as for the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of the efforts undertaken by the Commission in the progressive development of international law and its codification. Volume II (Part One) reproduces the edited versions of the official documents considered by the Commission at the respective annual session.

La Commission du droit international est un organe d’experts, composé de personnes possédant une compétence notoire en matière de droit international, qui œuvre au développement progressif et à la codification du droit international. Annuaire de la Commission du droit international: Volume I: Comptes rendus de séance; Volume II: Texte des principaux rapports établis au cours de l’année, y compris le rapport annuel à l’Assemblée générale.

The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on employment and labor conditions for women in Latin America and the Caribbean, generating a setback of more than a decade in terms of the progress achieved in labor market participation. The rate of job market participation by women was at 46% in 2020, while for men it was 69%. It is further estimated that the unemployment rate for women reached 12% in 2020, a percentage that rises to 22.2% if we factor in women’s participation in the labor force in 2019. In 2020 there was a mass exodus of women from the labor force, who have not returned to search for employment, having to attend to care demands at home. 56.9% of women in Latin America and 54.3% in the Caribbean are employed in sectors where the pandemic is expected to have a higher negative impact in terms of employment and income. The women of the region are a crucial part of the frontline response to the pandemic. Some 73.2% of people employed in the health sector are women, who have had to face extreme working conditions such as long work days, in addition to increased risk of contagion as health personnel. All of this in a regional context in which salary discrimination persists, where salaries for women who work in the health sector are 23.7% less than men’s in the same sector. In addition to having a gender perspective that cuts across all recovery policies, affirmative actions are required in the areas of fiscal, labor, productive, economic and social policies to protect the rights of women achieved in the past decade, prevent setbacks and take on gender inequalities in the short, medium and long terms.

En el presente documento se abordan el agravamiento de los riesgos y la disminución de los factores de protección ante la violencia física, psicológica y sexual a la que se exponen en su hogar los adolescentes, niños y —especialmente—niñas de la región durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Asimismo, se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre cómo integrar acciones concretas en los mecanismos de respuesta que los Estados de América Latina y el Caribe han dispuesto para enfrentar la crisis del COVID-19.

La Commission du droit international est un organe d’experts, composé de « personnes possédant une compétence notoire en matière de droit international », qui œuvre au développement progressif et à la codification du droit international. Annuaire de la Commission du droit international: Volume I : Comptes rendus de séance; Volume II : Texte des principaux rapports établis au cours de l’année, y compris le rapport annuel à l’Assemblée générale.

La Commission du droit international est un organe d’experts, composé de « personnes possédant une compétence notoire en matière de droit international », qui œuvre au développement progressif et à la codification du droit international. Annuaire de la Commission du droit international: Volume I : Comptes rendus de séance; Volume II : Texte des principaux rapports établis au cours de l’année, y compris le rapport annuel à l’Assemblée générale.

L'Annuaire est publié en deux volumes. Le premier volume contient les comptes rendus analytiques des séances de la Commission du droit international. Le second volume comprend les documents relatifs aux questions débattues. Il contient en particulier le rapport que la Commission adresse chaque année à l'Assemblée générale. La Commission traite notamment des sujets suivants : procédures d'arbitrage, immunités diplomatiques, droit de la mer, droit de la nationalité, droit conventionnel et droits et devoirs des Etats.

Volume I contains summary records of the International Law Commission sessions on such subjects as: arbitral procedures, diplomatic immunities, Law of the Sea, nationality, Law of Treaties and Rights and Duties of States. Volume II contains reports of Special Rapporteurs and documents relating to the subjects discussed in Volume I including the report of the General Assembly.

La Comisión de Derecho Internacional (CDI) es un organismo creado por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en 1947 con el objetivo de codificar y promocionar el Derecho internacional. Su trabajo ha sido fundamental en la adopción de diversos tratados u otros instrumentos internacionales, como la Convención de Viena sobre el Derecho de los Tratados o la Corte Penal Internacional, sobre la que emitió una primera propuesta ya en 1949. Los informes anuales de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional están disponibles desde 1978. La Comisión de Derecho Internacional y su obra Disponible en Volúmenes I y II.