Mexico
Fuentes de datos e indicadores disponibles para medir los entornos sociales y físicos de la calidad de vida en la vejez en España y México
El envejecimiento demográfico en los países latinoamericanos es un fenómeno que se está desarrollando en el momento actual lo que obliga a considerar sus efectos en diversos ámbitos que atañen a los individuos las familias y las generaciones que las componen las estructuras y las redes sociales que les dan apoyo los recursos económicos y sociales que se disponen para su atención y cuidados las condiciones de vida en general y otras facetas (CEPAL/CELADE 2006; Garay y Montes de Oca 2011). Todos estos dominios se relacionan de forma muy estrecha con la calidad de vida de las personas (Rojo-Pérez Fernández-Mayoralas y Rodríguez-Rodríguez 2015). En estudios previos se ha puesto de manifiesto que algunos aspectos de los dominios social y residencial entre otros conforman lo que las propias personas mayores entienden por calidad de vida (Fernández-Mayoralas y otros 2011). Valorar estos dominios requiere de información que permita medirlos. Por consiguiente el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer qué indicadores se necesitan y qué datos hay disponibles en México y España desde una perspectiva comparada.
Transferencias intergeneracionales por género y efectos económicos del envejecimiento demográfico en México
México está experimentando un acelerado proceso de transición demográfica y se espera una dinámica de envejecimiento permanente que producirá transformaciones socioeconómicas en los patrones de ingreso y gasto en consumo particularmente en los rubros de salud y cuidados. Por tanto es relevante analizar las oportunidades de desarrollo del país en un contexto de envejecimiento poblacional. Los propósitos de este artículo son analizar la contribución real de mujeres y hombres a los ingresos laborales y el consumo agregado por grupos de edad y a partir de la incorporación de la producción y el consumo de trabajo doméstico y de cuidados no remunerado así como
Vida doméstica en parejas del mismo sexo en ciudad de México y el Eje Cafetero colombiano
Este artículo tiene por objeto presentar tres aspectos centrales de la vida doméstica de las parejas del mismo sexo corresidentes: aportes económicos para el sostenimiento del hogar toma de decisiones y distribución de las tareas domésticas. Como fuente de información se utilizaron dos encuestas la primera levantada en Ciudad de México en 2006 y la segunda realizada en 2012 en cuatro ciudades del Eje Cafetero colombiano (Armenia Cartago Manizales y Pereira). En ambos sondeos se preguntó por el emparejamiento corresidente en los últimos cinco años. Los datos señalan que si bien existe una tendencia a la equidad esta se ve permeada por la discusión sobre la feminización de los cuidados de la que no escapan las parejas del mismo sexo.
La estructura de los hogares y el ahorro en méxico: un enfoque de clases latentes
Aun cuando es bien sabido que el tamaño de los hogares y las características de sus integrantes determinan los recursos financieros de los que estos disponen los economistas han abordado el análisis empírico del ingreso y el consumo en México enfocándose casi exclusivamente en la edad del individuo pasando por alto la importancia de la heterogeneidad estructural de los hogares mexicanos. Para incorporar este elemento al estudio econométrico de sus perfiles de ahorro en lugar de partir de tipologías de hogares definidas a priori en este artículo estimamos por medio del análisis de clases latentes las estructuras típicas de los hogares mexicanos contenidas en la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2014. A partir de esta estimación mostramos de qué manera tomar en cuenta las relaciones socioeconómicas de dependencia de los hogares puede contribuir a mejorar la política pública.
Growth and concentration among the leading business groups in Mexico
This article discusses various hypotheses relating to the origin and operation of business groups in Mexico and it proposes a model to explain the sources of their total asset growth. It highlights their growing contribution to Mexican gdp but notes that their shares of employment and profits are smaller. Over time sales and assets have clearly tended to become more concentrated in the largest groups. The paper concludes that the main financing sources for asset growth between 2005 and 2007 were firstly debt and secondly capital contributions from shareholders. It also finds that the leading groups invest discretely over time and tend to “overinvest” to block the entry of other competitors.
The monetary pendulum in Mexico
First World priorities and the need for nations to coexist in harmony have given rise in each period to a set of rules constituting the international economic order. This is a shifting order in which national goals move alternatively towards and away from those of an international nature. The objective of the gold standard was to uphold monetary convertibility if necessary at the expense of national objectives. By contrast the Bretton Woods system inverted the terms of the equation by making governments responsible for employment and growth. The monetary pendulum is now swinging back again from nationalism to cosmopolitanism. In the case of Mexico owing to failures of adaptation this latest shift has translated into an all-out struggle against inflation that has brought the country to a state of chronic near-stagnation leaving it trailing in the rear of the world development process.
The economic returns to education in Mexico: A comparison between urban and rural areas
This study uses the Mincer equation to calculate the private economic returns to education in urban and rural areas of Mexico in the 1994-2005 period. The findings indicate that investing in education is profitable in both types of area. Returns to education were found to be greater in the countryside than in cities in most of the years analysed and at every level of education. Education in rural areas tends to be more profitable for women at the basic education levels and for men at the higher levels. In urban areas education proved to be more profitable for men at the primary and higher levels and in some years for women at the lower and upper secondary levels.
Employment Challenges and Policy Responses in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico
In this paper we argue that Argentina Brazil and Mexico must focus economic and social policies on creating employment if they want to provide decent work (i.e. formal jobs with social security coverage). During the 1990s financial and trade liberalization and the associated laissez-faire policies did not deliver in terms of growth or employment in the countries under consideration. We assess the macroeconomic trade investment and labour-market policies of the countries during 1990-2004 and then propose a series of recommendations that give employment growth the priority it deserves.
Mexico: The plan and the current situation
Two disequilibria are intertwined in the Mexican economy: incomplete modernization of institutions and production and external imbalances that have made the country unable to service its external debt. In a context of liberalization this combination has been conducive to sharp depredations as evidenced by recent events. The success of the adjustment exercise will depend on the progress of the retooling and expansion of production. This article analyses the main objectives of the National Development Plan for 1995-2000 and the policies that have been implemented to realize them and shows that the current situation is a patchwork of progress and setbacks.
Restructuring of production and territorial change: A second industrialization hub in Northern Mexico
This article takes the view that the restructuring of industry in Mexico is taking place in two different territorial environments which to some extent have independent development paths: on the one hand there is the territorial environment shaped in accordance with the logic of northern border industrialization while on the other hand there is the territorial environment of the industries set up during the import substitution industrialization phase concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Central Mexico. In the authors’ opinion these arc parallel but different industrialization paths with different processes and forms of social organization of production in their territories: consequently in order to understand the true significance of the restructuring of production it is necessary to study the logic of the industrial sectors and that of the territory simultaneously since the course of events with regard to industrial restructuring is strongly affected by regional and local dynamics.
Industrial growth and consumer goods inflation in Mexico: An econometric analysis
This paper employs a vector error correction methodology to investigate the long-term determinants of consumer goods inflation and industrial growth in Mexico during the 20012016 period. This is underpinned by a aggregate demand-aggregate supply model that brings new explanatory variables into play and keeps a priori restrictions on the data to a minimum. The evidence shows that cost-push and demand-pull inflation are both present and reveals the variables at work in each case. This study fills a gap in the empirical literature by showing that labour productivity not only spurs industrial growth but also lowers consumer goods inflation in the long run. The policy implication of this finding is important given the need to attain faster economic growth without sacrificing price stability.
Between political control and efficiency gains: The evolution of agrarian property rights In Mexico
As a product of the Mexican revolution the ejido was originally organized as an institution with the multiple aims of achieving political control over the peasantry representing peasants in their relations with the State and assisting production by smallholders. These multiple objectives which were initially consistent and supported a successful phase of growth and improved welfare became increasingly contradictory precipitating a major crisis in both production and rural welfare.
Financial openness: The experience of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico
This article seeks to analyse the effects of globalization on the financial systems of Argentina Brazil and Mexico which were the countries that received most of the foreign investment in the region in the 1990s. This capital was mostly made up of portfolio flows and investments in shares traded on the local financial systems. The movement was not homogeneous in all the countries because of their different degrees of openness and differences in macroeconomic policies. In the case of the portfolio investments the effects of the openness were concentrated in different segments and they therefore had different impacts on the financial systems in question. The recent experience of these countries shows that there is still some room for national economic policies to take action in the context of financial globalization even though their capacity to reduce the perverse effects of financial flows is limited. Foreign firms are observed to be assuming growing importance in the countries studied as a function of the degree of openness of the local financial systems. This tendency is due to the liberalization measures adopted in order to make possible capitalization of the banking systems and competition among banks to find new sources of profits and strengthen their position in globalized markets. Although the predominance of foreign companies has given a more solid capital base to the national banking systems it could have an adverse macro- economic impact especially in Mexico and Brazil which still maintain relatively independent monetary policies.
Mexico’s slow-growth paradox
This paper analyzes the problem of slow economic growth In Mexico. It decomposes the growth of output from the demand side and reveals the critical rote played by the sluggish performance of investment. Using econometric tools it argues that this sluggishness can be explained in part by the peso’s appreciation during disinflation and its adverse impact on investment profitability. Finally it shows that the problem has been complicated by a long-run decline in the GDP/capital ratio.
National private groups in Mexico, 1987-1993
In the author’s view an important result of the economic reforms begun in Mexico in 1983 especially in the period after 1987 is that national private groups have assumed a leading place in the new economic model. These are not only traditional groups which were restructured in the course of those reforms but also new groups which were formed or developed in that period and which have come to have decisive weight in the national economy.
Restructuring in manufacturing: Case studies of Chile, Mexico and Venezuela
The economies of Latin America have undergone important transformations during the past years. Yet while there have been many studies on the macroeconomic changes that have taken place in Latin America studies on the microeconomic changes are relatively scarce. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence that leads to a better understanding of how firms respond to new circumstances. The research on Latin American manufacturing firms presented here shows that the new state of the economic environment has led to a substantial change in firms’ behaviour. Innovative firms have adopted flexible forms of behaviour and are upgrading their production and marketing capabilities and they have introduced significant changes in terms of vertical integration input procurement technological innovation incentive pay systems and management techniques training subcontracting distribution and retailing. At least for the most innovative consumer goods manufacturing firms their core activities have shifted from being mainly concerned with production to combining the manufacture of goods with their distribution and often also the distribution of other domestic and imported goods as well. This provides them with a better chance of simultaneously increasing their profits and defending their market share. Finally the investigation also showed that uncertainty surrounding economic policy leads to a substantial decrease in investment by firms. Such uncertainty explains why more firms do not change or why they do not change faster. It has a twofold negative effect on entrepreneurs’ decisions to modernize their firms: they are uncertain about what they should do as well as about the sustainability of the economic policy. There is therefore an important role for policies that redound in programmes that seek to encourage firms to upgrade. At the same time it must be stressed that the most important role for policy is that of creating a stable economic environment in which firms can plan long-term investment.
Transnational corporations and structural changes in industry In Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico
The central focus of this article is on the role played by transnational corporations in the industrial realignment of Argentina Brazil Chile and Mexico between the end of the import substitution stage and the early 1990s. Based on recently published studies dealing with the sweeping changes occurring in Latin America’s manufacturing sector following the region’s economic crisis and liberalization process a computer programme developed by the ECLAC Division of Production Productivity and Management has been used to examine the changes that have taken place in the sector’s production structure (sectoral composition and efficiency) and its linkages with the global economy.
The United States to the rescue: Financial assistance to Mexico in 1982 and 1995
This article analyses the financial rescue measures taken by the United States in the Mexican payments crises of August 1982 and January 1995. On both occasions Mexico was on the brink of suspending payments on its external debt and both times this was avoided thanks to rescue measures. The implications of the two financial rescue programmes were very different however. The measures taken in August 1982 were followed by a period of many years in which Mexico was practically excluded from private loan markets. In contrast the 1995 rescue programme was quickly followed by renewed access by Mexico to private capital markets.
Mexico: Total productivity changes at the principal container ports
Port performance is commonly measured using partial productivity indicators obtained by relating an output to an input. To ascertain the overall productivity of a port however it is more helpful to employ the concept of total productivity which considers all the inputs employed to obtain the totality of outputs. This factor has been measured using the Malmquist index which gives the change in total factor productivity (TFP). The present study uses this index to determine the change in the TFP of the principal container ports in Mexico. According to the results obtained productivity gains were greater at medium-sized terminals such as Progreso and Ensenada than at hubs such as Veracruz and Altamira even though the latter are more efficient.
Social precarity in Mexico and Argentina: Trends, manifestations and national trajectories
From a multidimensional and dynamic approach this article focuses on the linkages between labour unemployment poverty and inequality examining the forms which social precarity has adopted in Mexico and Argentina in the new economic environment. It contends that the weakening of employment-based integration mechanisms marked inequalities in access to opportunities and increasingly rigid social structures are evidence of strong exclusionary trends which exhibit specific characteristics in each country. After analysing national trajectories and the levels of integration achieved under the importsubstitution industrialization model the article examines the deterioration of working and living conditions witnessed over the last few decades. It concludes with a discussion of some of the dilemmas and challenges which the transition towards more equitable socially supportive and inclusive societies poses in terms of research and public policy.
Exchange rate regimes and macroeconomic performance in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico
This paper deals with the ways in which the exchange rate regimes of Argentina Brazil and Mexico shaped the macroeconomic performance of those countries over the period 1994-2003. The purpose of the analysis is to draw lessons for Latin American and other countries on whether and how the choice of the exchange rate regime can help sustained growth. As it is impossible to isolate the growth effect of the exchange rate regime in a comparative country study the paper emphasises those macro variables that have been identified in the theoretical and empirical literature as important channels through which the choice of exchange rate regime affects economic performance namely investment trade openness capital flows and fiscal or institutional rigidities
The impact of remittances on macroeconomic stability: The cases of Mexico and Central America
The present study uses the monetary approach to the balance of payments and a macroeconomic model of the Mundell-Fleming type to analyse the effects of family remittances on economic growth in Mexico and the countries making up the Central America region. The methodology employed is based on the application of a panel data model to quarterly balance-of-payments series for the 1990-2005 period. The study findings suggest that the repercussions of inward remittances are different in each country and depend on monetary policy. The econometric estimates also indicate that when an upsurge in remittances occurs its contribution to economic growth is smaller in countries where remittances tend to produce an overvalued exchange rate reinforcing macroeconomic stability in the context of an open economy.
Intergenerational social mobility in urban Mexico
This article assesses changes in absolute and relative opportunities of access to the upper strata of the urban social and occupational structure in Mexico drawing on data from the largest retrospective social mobility survey carried out in the country which covers all the largest cities and some medium-sized ones. It analyses intergenerational mobility in three periods: before 1982 from 1982 to 1988 and from 1988 to 1994. The results show a striking decline in opportunities of access to the stratum of professionals managers and executives and large employers. This decline has not been linear but has affected first and foremost those from the lowest strata then those from privileged strata while leaving the intermediate strata of the sociooccupational structure virtually unaffected. The article also analyses the evolution of absolute and relative opportunities by gender.
Financiamiento de la banca comercial para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en México
Relaciones dinámicas del producto y el empleo en México: Una evaluación de sus componentes permanentes y transitorios
México: Valor agregado en las exportaciones manufactureras
En las últimas décadas el sector exportador mexicano ha experimentado un dinamismo y una transformación extraordinarios donde dominan las exportaciones manufactureras destacándose los productos de tecnología media y alta. Sin embargo ha crecido la brecha entre exportaciones y producto lo que indica la debilidad del sector exportador para impulsar el crecimiento económico. El trabajo se basa en la idea de que la capacidad de las exportaciones de dinamizar la economía se refuerza si estas amplían el mercado interno. Ello depende del ingreso nacional contenido en las exportaciones. Se presenta una estimación del valor agregado nacional contenido en las exportaciones manufactureras por sectores y según si es directo —ingreso generado directamente por la actividad exportadora— o indirecto —ingresos contenidos en los insumos que conforman los productos exportados. La información concierne a las exportaciones manufactureras totales las de la industria maquiladora de exportación y las del resto de la economía.
México: La maquila, el desajuste monetario y el crecimiento impulsado por las exportaciones
El débil efecto de las exportaciones en el crecimiento de México obedecería en parte a dos características de su economía posteriors a la liberalización del comercio: la continua apreciación real del peso y la alta y creciente participación de la maquila en las exportaciones. El argumento se desarrolla con un ejemplo analítico para una economía estacionaria sin inversión cuyos principales supuestos se justifican mediante evidencia empírica tomada de la Encuesta Industrial Anual y de la estimación de ecuaciones de cointegración para las importaciones de bienes intermedios dentro y fuera de la maquila. Según dicha evidencia las exportaciones dependen fuertemente de las importaciones beneficiándose de la liberalización del comercio; asimismo si bien las variaciones del tipo de cambio real pueden ocasionar una sustitución de bienes intermedios nacionales por importados esto no ocurre en la maquila.
Crecimiento y concentración de los principales grupos empresariales en México
En este trabajo se discuten diversas hipótesis sobre el origen y operación de los grupos económicos y se plantea un modelo destinado a explicar las fuentes de crecimiento de los activos totales. Se muestra la creciente contribución de los grupos económicos mexicanos al pib mientras que sus aportaciones en términos del empleo y las utilidades son menores. Se observa a lo largo del tiempo un claro fenómeno de concentración de las ventas y activos en favor de los grupos más importantes. Se concluye que la principal fuente de financiamiento de la expansión de los activos entre 2005 y 2007 fueron el crecimiento de los pasivos y en segundo lugar las aportaciones patrimoniales de los accionistas. Se determina que la inversión de los principales grupos se realiza de manera discreta en el tiempo y que estos tienden a “sobreinvertir” como una forma de obstruir la entrada de otros competidores.
México: ¿Cómo inciden las políticas monetarias en las tasas de desempleo?
En este artículo se analiza el impacto de un choque (shock) de política monetaria en las tasas de desempleo de México. A diferencia de estudios anteriores en este se volvieron a calcular las tasas de desempleo para compararlas con las de los países de la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). La conclusión es que ante una política monetaria restrictiva el desempleo aumenta siguiendo el mismo patrón en forma de U invertida que se observa en otros estudios. Los resultados son robustos con respecto a diferentes supuestos sobre la naturaleza del mercado laboral mexicano.
El impacto del salario mínimo en los ingresos y el empleo en México
En este artículo se analizan los efectos del aumento del salario mínimo en el salario y el empleo en México. Para ello se homologa el salario mínimo en dos zonas del país a finales de 2012 como fuente de variación. Utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) se realiza un análisis econométrico de corte transversal y otro de panel a nivel individual. Los resultados del primero indican que en promedio el salario por hora de los trabajadores de la zona B aumentó entre el 16% y el 26% y en el caso de los trabajadores asalariados entre el 18% y el 33%. El análisis de panel produce resultados similares. Si bien el análisis de corte transversal no revela un impacto en términos de empleo los datos de panel indican que la probabilidad de ser trabajador informal (formal) disminuyó (aumentó) entre las personas afectadas por el incremento salarial.
El bienestar de la población de los estados de México bajo un enfoque de multidimensionalidad
En el presente artículo se adapta un índice multidimensional de bienestar de la población de los estados mexicanos sobre la base de las recomendaciones de la Comisión sobre la Medición del Desempeño Económico y el Progreso Social. Los aportes de este estudio se resumen en tres puntos importantes: i) se emplea el análisis de factores de componentes principales para permitir que las dimensiones tengan diferente ponderación ii) se considera la desigualdad del bienestar material de la población dentro de cada estado y iii) se contemplan datos representativos a nivel estatal de todas las dimensiones. Los resultados muestran que las dimensiones relacionadas con el bienestar objetivo tienen mayor ponderación que las dimensiones de bienestar subjetivo y que las diferencias en la ponderación de las dimensiones e indicadores utilizados son más importantes que su número y características.
Propuesta de un indicador de bienestar multidimensional de uso del tiempo y condiciones de vida aplicado a Colombia, el Ecuador, México y el Uruguay
Mexico: Value added in exports of manufactures
In the last few decades Mexico’s export sector has seen extraordinarily robust growth and has undergone sweeping changes with exports of manufactures especially intermediate- and high-technology products leading the way. At the same time however the gap between exports and gdp has been widening which indicates that the export sector is underperforming as a driver of economic growth. This study is based on the idea that the ability of exports to galvanize the economy will be heightened if export activity leads to an expansion of the domestic market. Whether or not it will do so depends on the amount of national income that is incorporated into exports. The authors estimate how much national value added is contained in exports of manufactures by sector and by category (direct income i.e. income generated directly by export activity and indirect income i.e. income incorporated into the inputs used to produce export goods). This information is provided for total exports of manufactures exports of the maquila industry and non-maquila exports.
Commercial bank financing for micro-enterprises and SMEs in Mexico
Mexico: What is the impact of monetary policy on unemployment rates?
In this paper we analyse the effects of a monetary policy shock on Mexican unemployment rates. Unlike previous studies this one re-estimates unemployment to produce alternative rates comparable to those of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (oecd) member countries. We find that in response to tightening monetary policy unemployment increases with a characteristic hump-shaped pattern also found in other studies. Our results are robust to different assumptions about the nature of Mexico’s labour market.
Maquila, currency misalignment and export-led growth in Mexico
The paper argues that the weak effect of exports on gdp growth in Mexico is partly explained by two features of the Mexican economy that arose subsequent to trade liberalization: the peso’s continued real appreciation and the large and rising share of the maquila sector in manufacturing exports. The argument is developed through an analytical example for a stationary economy with no investment. As motivation for the example’s main assumptions the paper presents empirical evidence gathered from the country’s Annual Industrial Survey and the estimation of cointegration equations for maquila and non-maquila intermediate imports. The empirical evidence shows that (a) exports are highly dependent on imports and thus benefit from trade liberalization and (b) while real exchange rate changes can induce substitution between local and imported intermediate goods generally this is not the case in the maquila sector.
A comparative analysis of productivity in Brazilian and Mexican manufacturing industries
This article analyses productivity trends in Brazilian and Mexican manufacturing industries between 1995 and 2009 a period in which international competition intensified sharply. A total of 14 manufacturing industries are considered using two methods based on: (i) the Leontief (1951) model to measure the consumption of intermediate goods used in production; and (ii) the analysis of total factor productivity (tfp). The studies performed show that manufacturing trends have diverged in the two countries. In Mexico an increased need for imported goods and services was offset by a reduction in domestic goods and service requirements and an increase in the tfp of production. In the case of Brazil the fact that manufactured goods markets are more isolated from foreign trade seems to have contributed to a weak productivity performance.
Currency carry trade and the cost of international reserves in Mexico
National strategies aimed at boosting economic growth following the global financial crisis have spawned monetary imbalances between industrial and emerging economies. By implementing ultra-expansionary monetary policies the industrial economies drive down interest rates while the emerging economies tighten their monetary policies by raising rates thus generating a burgeoning foreign-currency carry trade. Vulnerability is caused by the sudden reversal of such capital flows or the high cost of insuring against this by accumulating reserves. This paper estimates that the cost of reserve accumulation between 2008 and 2014 averaged 1.83% of GDP so the free capital mobility espoused by the Mexican authorities makes it very costly to play by the rules of financial globalization.
A multidimensional approach to the well-being of the population of the states of Mexico
This article adapts a multidimensional index of the well-being of the population in the Mexican States based on the recommendations of the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (CMEPSP). This study's contributions can be summarized in three key points: (i) factor analysis of principal components is used to allow for different weights of dimensions; (ii) consideration is given to inequality of material well-being within the population of each state and; (iii) representative state data are considered for all dimensions. The results show that the dimensions of objective well-being have greater weights than the dimensions of subjective well-being and that differences between weights of dimensions and indicators used are more important than their quantity or characteristics.
The impact of the minimum wage on income and employment in Mexico
This article analyses the effects of a rise in the minimum wage on wages and employment in Mexico. The source of variation is the equalization in late 2012 of the minimum wage in two areas of the country. Using the National Occupation and Employment Survey (ENOE) econometric analyses are performed of cross-section and individual panel data. The results of the first indicate that on average the hourly wage in zone B rose by between 1.6% and 2.6% for workers overall and between 1.8% and 3.3% for wage workers. The panel analysis yields similar results. Although the cross-section analysis does not show an impact in terms of employment the panel data indicate that the probability of being an informal (formal) worker falls (rises) among those affected by the wage rise policy.
Mexico: Food price increases and growth constraints
This paper uses dynamic panel techniques to evaluate the extent to which Mexico’s consumer price index will be affected by food price inflation in the long term. We argue that sharp increases in international food prices (of the type seen since 2001) are likely to persist and to reinforce domestic growth constraints in Mexico. Our results suggest that in an economy like Mexico’s that is highly dependent on imported food the consumer price index will be noticeably affected by international food price increases. Conducting monetary policy without reference to the structural issue of food price inflation is therefore likely to be ineffective in controlling inflation and could be damaging in terms of its impact on demand and growth. Thus the revitalization of the Mexican agricultural sector should be a centrepiece of future counter-inflationary policy.
A multidimensional time use and well-being index: A proposal for Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Uruguay
Determinants of women’s hours worked in Mexico: A pseudo-panel approach (2005-2010)
The hours worked by Mexican women depend not only on wages and individual characteristics but also on factors related to household structure which generate incentives for women to restrict their hours of paid work. This study uses a pseudo-panel containing five million observations from the National Survey on Occupation and Employment for 2005-2010. Different age cohorts of the female working population are analysed along with a pseudopanel model that measures the sensitivity of women’s hours worked to wage variations and factors related to household structure such as the availability of help in the home and the presence of children. It is found that women’s hours worked increase when the household contains another adult woman but decrease in the presence of children or a male adult.
Mexico: industrial policies and the production of information and communication technology goods and services
An assessment of the dynamics between the permanent and transitory components of Mexico’s output and unemployment
Mexico: Study on the financial crisis, the adjustment policies and agricultural development
This article reviews the development of the Mexican economy in general and the agricultural sector in particular from the Second World War to the 1982 crisis.
Mexico’s stabilization policy
This paper discusses Mexico’s stabilization efforts over the last two years as related to the wider framework of the country’s economic behaviour and the major elements in the external sector of the economy.
Rentabilidad económica de la educación en México: comparación entre el sector urbano y el rural
En esta investigación se calcula la rentabilidad económica privada de la educación en los sectores urbano y rural de México en el período 1994-2005 sobre la base de la ecuación de Mincer. Los resultados indican que invertir allí en educación es rentable. La rentabilidad de la educación es más alta en el medio rural que en el urbano en la mayoría de los años analizados y en todos los niveles educativos. La educación en el medio rural tiende a ser más rentable para las mujeres en los niveles educativos básicos y más rentable para los hombres en los niveles más elevados. En el medio urbano la rentabilidad de la educación es mayor para los hombres en la enseñanza primaria y superior y en algunos años más alta para las mujeres en secundaria y preparatoria.
From Mexico to Cairo and beyond: Twenty years of population challenges and development goals
According to the United Nations world population numbered 6.5 billion in 2005 and is currently growing at about 1.2 per cent annually (United Nations 2005). The 7 billion mark is projected to be reached in 2012 just six years from today. Long-range population projections reveal that the world’s population could ultimately stabilize at about 9 billion people.