United States

This study examines two potentially opposing effects that the current state of trade globalization can have on foreign governmental lobbies in the United States. On one hand economic globalization and increased flows of goods may lead to more and more contentious issues between trading partners. On the other hand the growing networks of global value chains (GVCs) may mobilize interest groups in foreign lobbies’ target countries (the United States in this study) whose activities might substitute for those of foreign governmental lobbies. With such linkages an increase in lobbying activities by domestic producers may reduce the need for direct foreign lobbying on contentious issues. The study reveals different effects of forward and backward GVC linkages and the results have two main policy implications: first policymakers should be aware of the growing intricate nature of foreign influence; second more attention must be paid to political consequences of GVCs’ distributive effects particularly those from backward linkages.

Pleadings Oral Arguments Documents: LaGrand (Germany v. United States of America) Volume II

En los últimos años las visas de trabajo temporal del programa H-2A en la agricultura estadounidense se incrementaron. Esta nueva dinámica del mercado laboral agrícola estadounidense impacta a las comunidades y familias en los territorios que son origen de un alto flujo migratorio a los Estados Unidos. Sobre la base de información del Departamento de Estado de ese país se indagó en la evolución en el tiempo del número de trabajadores mexicanos en ese programa y tomando como referencia la metodología cualitativa se buscó conocer el impacto que han tenido este tipo de visas en las comunidades y las dinámicas de contratación que aplican los empresarios agrícolas estadounidenses. Se encontró que si bien los procesos de contratación no son complicados la experiencia migratoria previa determina en gran medida la contratación por esta vía de los trabajadores que van a laborar en las actividades agrícolas; en cambio existe en el mercado laboral estadounidense un nicho en las actividades agropecuarias para los jóvenes migrantes mexicanos en el que no se requiere experiencia previa pero sí estudios universitarios terminados.

Exchange of notes constituting an Agreement between the United States of America and Jamaica regarding the Cooperating Nation Information Exchange System. Kingston 26 August 2005 and 23 September 2005

Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Defense of the United States of America and the Department of Defence of Australia concerning collaboration on tactical missile design development test and evaluation (with annexes). Washington 3 August 2005 and Canberra 1 September 2005

Agreement between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States of America and the Ministry of education of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia for cooperation in the GLOBE Program. Addis Ababa 24 August 2005

Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Rwanda Regarding the Surrender of Persons to International Tribunals. Washington 4 March 2003

Exchange of notes constituting an agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Antigua and Barbuda regarding the surrender of persons to the International Criminal Court. Washington 29 September 2003

Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior of the Government of the United States of America and the Addis Ababa University of the Ministry of Education of the Government of Ethiopia concerning scientific and technical cooperation in the earth sciences (with annexes). Reston 9 December 2002 and Addis Ababa 28 August 2003

Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia concerning the imposition of import restrictions on Khmer archaeological material. Phnom Penh 19 September 2003