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- Volume 1977, Issue 4, 1977
CEPAL Review - Volume 1977, Issue 4, 1977
Volume 1977, Issue 4, 1977
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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The originality of a copy: CEPAL and the idea of development
Author: Fernando Henrique CardosoTowards the end of the 1940s and in the early 1950s, CEPAL prepared certain documents which had far-reaching repercussions on Latin American thinking about development. The present article outlines the central ideas expressed and relates them to other doctrinaire and academic positions which have also found echoes in the region during recent decades. For example, it presents the conventional ideas on international trade and development which CEPAL’S ‘thinking’ combated from the very start: the critical reactions arroused by this thinking among liberals and marxists; the alternative theories formulated by ‘orthodox’ writers (such as G. Haberler and J. Viner), ‘heterodox’ liberals (G. Myrdal. R. Nurkse, A. Hirschman) and marxists (such as P. Baran). It also describes how CEPAL’S ideas modelled development policies and adapted themselves to new situations. Lastly, it analyses the relation between the ‘CEPAL’ ament of thought and others even more recent: those relating to the ‘malignant’ style of development, structural dependency and ‘another development’. The author concludes that while CEPAL thinking has undergone a change on coming into contact with new situations and theories, it still keeps its basic nucleus alive and valid.
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Preconditions and propositions for ‘Another development’
Author: Marshall WolfeThe author has asserted in earlier papers that the broad pronouncements made by international organizations —suggesting what must be done without mentioning who is to do it how and when—, the dissemination of ‘practical’ techniques and the execution of ‘pilot projects’ have been of very little use in orienting the Latin American countries, because they are too general or too piecemeal, because they are ill adapted to the realities of the technical and economic situation, because they are not politically viable, etc. To avoid such mistakes he does not put forward his proposals as universal panaceas, but as criteria, ideas or guidelines relating to some of the vital issues with which Latin America’s national societies will have to cope, if, as may plausibly be supposed, their future scenario turns out to be full of complex mutations.
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Fiscal policy and integrated development
Author: Federico J. HerschelThe aim of the present article is to offer an overall picture of the relation between fiscal policy and economic development in Latin America during the last few decades, combining a description of policy proposals with a critical evaluation of their orientations and results and presenting suggestions for action. It begins by demarcating the actual content of fiscal policy and depicting the more general features of recent economic development, and goes on to analyse on this basis, critically and in detail, the proposals for tax reforms arising out of the conferences on fiscal policy held between 1961 and 1972 in Buenos Aires, Santiago, Chile, and Mexico City. Although a significant and cumulative contribution has been made by each and all of them” to the development of fiscal policy in Latin America, their recommendations are open to some objections, to the effect, for instance, that they obscure the importance of public expenditure and disregard political questions.
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Notes on the future of the western democracies
Author: José Medina EchavarriaWhat will be the future of democracy in Latin America? Medina Echavarría suggests an answer to this question based on an analysis of the controversy that in recent years has been waged in the European countries with respect to the prospects for their democracies. He does not think, of course, that their political processes are automatically reproduced in Latin America, but that in view of the similarity of certain conditions and problems, and the reciprocal contact maintained, some solutions are likely to be similar too.
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Small nations and the ‘constrictive’ style of development
Author: Carlos Real de AzúaIn 1975 CEPAL submitted a request to a distinguished Uruguayan intellectual, Carlos Real de Azúa, for a study on the special economic and political development problems that small nations have to face, The author prepared a first draft in that same year, but, for various reasons, never completed the final version. Now, when all who knew him are lamenting his untimely death, we wish to pay him the modest tribute of publishing part of his study in the form of an article.
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The deficit in urban services: A structural limitation?
Authors: Francisco Barreto and Roy T. GilbertThe authors analyse the causes of the deficit in urban services in Brazil and maintain that they have their roots in the complex combination of an inappropriate and insufficient supply and a demand seriously affected by the economic crisis. On the one hand, they underline the fact that the structure of supply is based on technological and economic patterns unsuited to the population’s needs and possibilities. Not only are technologies adopted which are proper to the developed countries, and which in the real conditions prevailing in Brazil prove too complex, inflexible and exclusive, but the generation of supply is guided by the criterion —appropriate to private enterprise— which assesses the value of investment by its profitability. On the other hand, they point out that the critical economic situation through which Brazil is passing has had a disturbing effect on the capacity for payment of the low-income groups, so that their needs in respect of services cannot be translated into real demand. To this profound inconsistency between supply, real demand and basic needs are added the financial problems of the municipal authorities and the difficulties they encounter in undertaking programmed action.
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On the article by Raúl Prebisch “A critique of peripheral capitalism”
Author: Joseph HodFrom what standpoint should Dr. Prebisch’s essay on peripheral capitalism be viewed? There would seem to be at least four possibilities.
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