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- Volume 1980, Issue 10, 1980
CEPAL Review - Volume 1980, Issue 10, 1980
Volume 1980, Issue 10, 1980
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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The energy challenge
Author: Enrique V. IglesiasThe subject of styles of development is not foreign to us, nor has it only recently become one of CEPAL’s concerns; it has been one for some time. Originally serving as an analytical category to dispel the anxiety of economists over the social failure or inefficiency of growth processes, it later acquired elements developed in the expanded international discussion of the various dimensions of development. The debate on development has thus been forced to follow the pronouncements of scientists which were publicized at a very opportune moment indeed by the work of the Club of Rome, through which d\e discussion on the meaning for humanity of the depletion of natural resources or the appearance of physical restrictions on the process of economic growth was brought up at the international level. These facts implied not only a scientific, but also an economic, social and political challenge, and at those levels the need to examine the styles of development which exert irrational pressure on natural resources and challenge physical restrictions was raised and discussed.
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Meeting on a new Latin America in a changing world economy
Author: United NationsThe essays reproduced below were presented at a small, informal and high-level conference on the theme of “A New Latin America in a Changing World Economy” held at the Belmont Conference Center near Washington D.C. on 25-26 June 1979.
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The export of manufactures
Author: Pedro I. MendiveThe development of the manufacturing sector has an important role to play in Latin America in relation to a long list of economic variables, all of which aim at changing the economic characteristics of the region in aspects such as the diversification of production, Structure of employment and production, growth of income and the average wage, and attenuation of the fluctuations in prices and export earnings, as will be seen in the following pages. Hence all measures tending to develop and consolidate this sector, whether through import substitution or exports of manufactures, merit special attention in the economic policy of the Latin American countries and the developing countries in general.
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Exports of non-fuel primary products
Author: Jere R. BehrmanThe major macroeconomic goals of the Latin American countries relate to: (1) growth, (2) distribution, (3) short-run stability regarding employment, inflation and the balance-of-payments position, and (4) the International situation. Latin American analysts and policy-makers have king been preoccupied about the impact on the attainment of these goals of fluctuations and trends in international non-fuel primary commodity markets. It is not surprising, therefore, that Latin Americans have given considerable (although not unanimous) support to the call for the revision of conditions in international non-fuel primary markets that is the foremost demand of the developing countries in their quest for a “New International Economic Older”.
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A new Latin America in a new international capital market
Author: Albert FishlowThe timeliness of another look at the development prospects and policy options for Latin America can hardly be disputed. Another shock from a significant increase in the price of petroleum is adding to the burdens of a world economy already mired in stagflation. The recent UNCTAD meeting has not produced a common programme for accelerating and spreading economic development: on the contrary, divisions among and between the industrialized and developing nations have widened. Even the conclusion of the Tokyo Round has tailed to evoke enthusiasm among the Group of 77.
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Latin America and the international monetary system: some comments and suggestions
Author: Carlos MassadIn this paper, I intend to emphasize aspects of the present system of international economic relations in the monetary and financial area that create difficulties for an adequate insertion of Latin America in the world economy. I do not propose to make a comprehensive study of all transfers of resources between developed and developing countries.
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The Latin American countries and the New International Economic Order
Author: Pedro MalanAs is well known by now, the so-called North-South agenda is made up of a whole array of political and economic issues: the presently changing patterns of trade, old and new trade restrictions, the implications of foreign investment, the volume and burden of foreign debt, the yet to be designed future international monetary system, the controversial commodity price stabilization schemes, the frightening poverty of the Fourth World, and so on. It is obvious that these issues will remain on the agenda —political and economic— for many years to come. This is not the time to present yet another survey of the present state of frustration with respect to the progress achieved so far in several of the topics listed above.
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Technological development in Latin America and the Caribbean
Author: Jorge A. SábatoThe scope and limitations of this document are as follows: (i) It refers to technology in its broadest sense, that is, as the organized body of all knowledge used in the production, distribution (by trade or any other means) and use of goods and services. Accordingly, it encompasses not only the scientific and technical knowledge generated by research and development (R&D), but also that which results from empiricism, tradition, manual skills, intuition, imitation, adaptation and so on.
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The major unresolved issues in the negotiations on the UNCTAD Code of Conduct for the transfer of technology
Author: Miguel S. WionczekTen years after the appearance on the international agenda of the issue of technology transfer, a consensus seems to be emerging among the parties concerned —both technology suppliers and technology importers— that:
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Interpretative summary
Author: Colin BradfordLatin America stands at the treshold of the 1980s as the most highly industrialized region in the Third World. Because of concern in industrial countries over the increasing competitive capacity of some developing countries in the production and export of manufactures, Latin America’s essential thrust is often perceived by those outside the region as based on its new industrial capability.
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The Monetary and real effects of the financial opening up of national economies to the exterior. The case of Chile, 1975-1978
Author: Roberto ZahlerThe object of this article is to describe and analyse certain aspects of Chilean short-term macroeconomic policy which have not been sufficiently investigated, placing special emphasis on the financial measures applied from the end of 1973, and more specifically from the first quarter of 1975, when the so-called Economic Recovery Programme began.
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Towards a theory of change
Author: Raúl PrebischWith the present article the author rounds off the series he began with “A critique of peripheral capitalism” (published in Review No. 1), and continued with “Socio-economic structure and crisis of peripheral capitalism” (No. 6) and “The neoclassical theories of economic liberalism” (No. 7). While in all the preceding articles his main concern was to offer a critical interpretation of the functioning of peripheral capitalism and to show the inability of neoclassical theory to comprehend it in depth, in this one he seeks to trace the lines along which that system should be changed.
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